Question 1

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  primary 
D)  secondary 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  primary 
D)  secondary

Question 2

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 3

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning 
B)  serial enumeration 
C)  latent learning 
D)  shaping 
A)  insight learning 
B)  serial enumeration 
C)  latent learning 
D)  shaping

Question 4

Giving different responses to the same stimuli to which you were classically conditioned illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  response generalization 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  vicarious conditioning 
A)  response generalization 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  vicarious conditioning

Question 5

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive punishment 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  response cost 
A)  aversive punishment 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  response cost

Question 6

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  making the punishment occur only on a partial, sporadic schedule 
B)  making the punishment consistent 
C)  pairing punishment of the wrong behavior with reinforcement of the correct behavior 
D)  having the punishment immediately follow the behavior it is meant to punish 
A)  making the punishment occur only on a partial, sporadic schedule 
B)  making the punishment consistent 
C)  pairing punishment of the wrong behavior with reinforcement of the correct behavior 
D)  having the punishment immediately follow the behavior it is meant to punish

Question 7

Of the following phenomena, which one best explains the spreading of phobias to objects similar to the one to which the phobia was originally acquired?

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination 
B)  extinction 
C)  generalization 
D)  spontaneous recovery 
A)  discrimination 
B)  extinction 
C)  generalization 
D)  spontaneous recovery

Question 8

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  extinction 
D)  stimulus generalization 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  extinction 
D)  stimulus generalization

Question 9

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  testing 
C)  extinction 
D)  spontaneous recovery 
A)  acquisition 
B)  testing 
C)  extinction 
D)  spontaneous recovery

Question 10

In an experiment, two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet. One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier. The second group is harnessed and cannot escape. After several trials, both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape. The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines, refusing to attempt to escape. The response of the second group is due to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness 
B)  contingency blocking 
C)  latent learning 
D)  response generalization 
A)  learned helplessness 
B)  contingency blocking 
C)  latent learning 
D)  response generalization

Question 11

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive learning. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  cognitive learning. 
B)  intelligence. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 12

Albert was a little boy who was shown to be remarkably resistant to having his emotional responses conditioned by Watson. Watson presented Albert with a cute little furry rat and then rang a loud bell. Later, Albert should have become scared of the bell, but this never happened.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  physician who was studying the age at which children start to walk 
B)  physiologist who was studying memory processes in monkeys 
C)  physiologist who was studying digestion 
D)  dog trainer who was trying to come up with the best way to reward animals for their performances in his shows 
A)  physician who was studying the age at which children start to walk 
B)  physiologist who was studying memory processes in monkeys 
C)  physiologist who was studying digestion 
D)  dog trainer who was trying to come up with the best way to reward animals for their performances in his shows

Question 14

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used to help children with autistic disorder. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  negative punishment 
D)  shaping 
A)  partial reinforcement 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  negative punishment 
D)  shaping

Question 15

The abbreviation UCR stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional reinforcement 
B)  uniform conditioned rule 
C)  unconditional retention 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  unconditional reinforcement 
B)  uniform conditioned rule 
C)  unconditional retention 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 16

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
B)  will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
C)  will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
D)  will be totally resistant to extinction, unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
A)  will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
B)  will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
C)  will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
D)  will be totally resistant to extinction, unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response)

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a ________ schedule.

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

Giving different responses to the same stimuli to which you were classically conditioned illustrates ________.

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Of the following phenomena, which one best explains the spreading of phobias to objects similar to the one to which the phobia was originally acquired?

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called ________.

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Albert was a little boy who was shown to be remarkably resistant to having his emotional responses conditioned by Watson. Watson presented Albert with a cute little furry rat and then rang a loud bell. Later, Albert should have become scared of the bell, but this never happened.

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a ________.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used to help children with autistic disorder. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

The abbreviation UCR stands for ________.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses ________.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters

Exam 5: Learning

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Sandy's favorite activity is to go to Las Vegas and play the slot machines. Her gambling behavior is being reinforced on a ________ schedule.

What do we call learning that has taken place but is not demonstrated?

Giving different responses to the same stimuli to which you were classically conditioned illustrates ________.

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Of the following phenomena, which one best explains the spreading of phobias to objects similar to the one to which the phobia was originally acquired?

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called ________.

B. F. Skinner is known for his theory of:

Albert was a little boy who was shown to be remarkably resistant to having his emotional responses conditioned by Watson. Watson presented Albert with a cute little furry rat and then rang a loud bell. Later, Albert should have become scared of the bell, but this never happened.

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist. However, it was discovered by a ________.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used to help children with autistic disorder. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

The abbreviation UCR stands for ________.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses ________.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters