Question 1

For people found guilty of murder, the most severe sentences are handed out when the victim is _____ and the perpetrator is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Black; White 
B)  White; Black 
C)  Hispanic; Black 
D)  Black; Black 
A)  Black; White 
B)  White; Black 
C)  Hispanic; Black 
D)  Black; Black

Question 2

The person-blame interpretations of deviance reinforce

Accepted Answer

A)  the idea that the social system is flawed. 
B)  the emphasis on changing the correctional system. 
C)  a focus on labeling theory. 
D)  social myths about the degree of control we have over our fate. 
A)  the idea that the social system is flawed. 
B)  the emphasis on changing the correctional system. 
C)  a focus on labeling theory. 
D)  social myths about the degree of control we have over our fate.

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios from the chapter illustrates the point that violators of important social norms are often stigmatized?

Accepted Answer

A)  The major religious bodies in the United States have taken a strong position against homosexuality and their opposition has influenced the laws and community norms. 
B)  If most people believe that Iraqis are the enemy, then bombing their villages is appropriate and refusing to do so is deviant. 
C)  Murder is a deviant act, but the killing of an enemy during wartime is rewarded with praise and medals. 
D)  Because states make sex offender registries public, anyone can look online and find names, addresses, and pictures of the sex offenders in his or her state or neighborhood. 
A)  The major religious bodies in the United States have taken a strong position against homosexuality and their opposition has influenced the laws and community norms. 
B)  If most people believe that Iraqis are the enemy, then bombing their villages is appropriate and refusing to do so is deviant. 
C)  Murder is a deviant act, but the killing of an enemy during wartime is rewarded with praise and medals. 
D)  Because states make sex offender registries public, anyone can look online and find names, addresses, and pictures of the sex offenders in his or her state or neighborhood.

Question 4

According to labeling theory, a person being labeled as a deviant is

Accepted Answer

A)  a matter of luck. 
B)  a type of random selection. 
C)  a result of systematic social bias against the powerless. 
D)  necessary to prevent crime and protect the status quo. 
A)  a matter of luck. 
B)  a type of random selection. 
C)  a result of systematic social bias against the powerless. 
D)  necessary to prevent crime and protect the status quo.

Question 5

Who decides that certain behavior is or is not deviant in a society?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority 
B)  The government 
C)  Religious leaders 
D)  The voters 
A)  The majority 
B)  The government 
C)  Religious leaders 
D)  The voters

Question 6

Jackson was sent to prison because he was wrongly identified by an eyewitness as having robbed a convenience store. When he was released from prison, he could not find a job because he had a felony on his record, so to obtain money to live on, he robbed a convenience store. This type of behavior is called _____ deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  resulting 
C)  primary 
D)  ironic 
A)  secondary 
B)  resulting 
C)  primary 
D)  ironic

Question 7

_____ is the view of deviant behavior that stresses the importance of the society in defining what is illegal and in assigning deviant status to particular individuals, which in turn dominates their identities and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflict theory 
B)  Labeling theory 
C)  Order theory 
D)  Social Darwinism 
A)  Conflict theory 
B)  Labeling theory 
C)  Order theory 
D)  Social Darwinism

Question 8

By punishing deviants, the group expresses collective indignation and reaffirms its commitments to the rules. This illustrates which of the five important principles of deviance described in the chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deviance is socially constructed. 
B)  Deviance is relative, not absolute. 
C)  The majority determines who and what is deviant. 
D)  Deviance is an integral part of all societies. 
A)  Deviance is socially constructed. 
B)  Deviance is relative, not absolute. 
C)  The majority determines who and what is deviant. 
D)  Deviance is an integral part of all societies.

Question 9

In a heterogeneous society, what constitutes deviance

Accepted Answer

A)  is almost unanimously agreed upon. 
B)  results in severely punitive response. 
C)  is the source of widespread disagreement. 
D)  is determined by law. 
A)  is almost unanimously agreed upon. 
B)  results in severely punitive response. 
C)  is the source of widespread disagreement. 
D)  is determined by law.

Question 10

Evidence that deviance is a(n) _____ is found in the fact that societies differ on what is considered deviance.

Accepted Answer

A)  integral part of developing societies but not developed ones 
B)  absolute, not a relative, notion 
C)  relative, not an absolute, notion 
D)  integral part of some but not all societies 
A)  integral part of developing societies but not developed ones 
B)  absolute, not a relative, notion 
C)  relative, not an absolute, notion 
D)  integral part of some but not all societies

Question 11

Which of the following contended in a 2008 essay on the culture of poverty that we should stop focusing on the underclass because it is the overclass that is hurting society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daniel Solove 
B)  Daniel Gross 
C)  Emile Durkheim 
D)  Cornel West 
A)  Daniel Solove 
B)  Daniel Gross 
C)  Emile Durkheim 
D)  Cornel West

Question 12

Gilberto's teacher says he will never do well in school and will probably become a criminal because he is not trying hard enough to learn English. The teacher's attitude is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  predicting the future. 
B)  blaming the victim. 
C)  racial profiling. 
D)  blaming society. 
A)  predicting the future. 
B)  blaming the victim. 
C)  racial profiling. 
D)  blaming society.

Question 13

Victim blamers contend that African Americans are more likely than Whites to be incarcerated because they have high rates of illegitimacy, a high proportion of transient males, and their families have matriarchal structures. What does this approach ignore?

Accepted Answer

A)  That Whites are more likely to be incarcerated than African Americans 
B)  The pervasive effects of racism in the United States 
C)  That this is actually a system-blaming approach 
D)  The victim blamers are psychologically deprived 
A)  That Whites are more likely to be incarcerated than African Americans 
B)  The pervasive effects of racism in the United States 
C)  That this is actually a system-blaming approach 
D)  The victim blamers are psychologically deprived

Question 14

According to a study conducted at Temple University along one stretch of Interstate 95, 75% of traffic violations were by Whites, yet 80% of searches were of minorities. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary deviance. 
B)  secondary deviance. 
C)  radical nonintervention. 
D)  racial profiling. 
A)  primary deviance. 
B)  secondary deviance. 
C)  radical nonintervention. 
D)  racial profiling.

Question 15

_____ theories consider the source of deviance to be conditions of the individual's mind or personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sociological 
B)  Psychological 
C)  Biological 
D)  Physiological 
A)  Sociological 
B)  Psychological 
C)  Biological 
D)  Physiological

Question 16

According to Durkheim, the true function of punishment is to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent future crimes. 
B)  reassert the importance of the rule being violated. 
C)  satisfy the need for revenge. 
D)  make an example of the criminal. 
A)  prevent future crimes. 
B)  reassert the importance of the rule being violated. 
C)  satisfy the need for revenge. 
D)  make an example of the criminal.

Question 17

According to _____, a person in the lower class does not have a strong sense of morality and thus is not constrained by legal rules.

Accepted Answer

A)  Edwin Sutherland 
B)  Robert Merton 
C)  William Ryan 
D)  Edward Banfield 
A)  Edwin Sutherland 
B)  Robert Merton 
C)  William Ryan 
D)  Edward Banfield

Question 18

_____ is a public, nonviolent breach of the law with the purpose of calling attention to unfair laws or practices.

Accepted Answer

A)  Corporate crime 
B)  Civil disobedience 
C)  Individual deviance 
D)  Radical nonintervention 
A)  Corporate crime 
B)  Civil disobedience 
C)  Individual deviance 
D)  Radical nonintervention

Question 19

Crime, according to Durkheim's point of view, is a _____ function for society, because it serves to reaffirm the legitimacy of the society and creates the boundaries for what is acceptable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  destabilizing 
B)  positive 
C)  validating 
D)  detrimental 
A)  destabilizing 
B)  positive 
C)  validating 
D)  detrimental

Question 20

The term _____ deviance refers to the rule breaking that occurs before a person is labeled as "deviant."

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  residual 
C)  primary 
D)  previous 
A)  secondary 
B)  residual 
C)  primary 
D)  previous

For people found guilty of murder, the most severe sentences are handed out when the victim is _ and the perpetrator is _.

The person-blame interpretations of deviance reinforce

Which of the following scenarios from the chapter illustrates the point that violators of important social norms are often stigmatized?

According to labeling theory, a person being labeled as a deviant is

Who decides that certain behavior is or is not deviant in a society?

_____ is the view of deviant behavior that stresses the importance of the society in defining what is illegal and in assigning deviant status to particular individuals, which in turn dominates their identities and behaviors.

By punishing deviants, the group expresses collective indignation and reaffirms its commitments to the rules. This illustrates which of the five important principles of deviance described in the chapter?

In a heterogeneous society, what constitutes deviance

Evidence that deviance is a(n) _____ is found in the fact that societies differ on what is considered deviance.

Which of the following contended in a 2008 essay on the culture of poverty that we should stop focusing on the underclass because it is the overclass that is hurting society?

Gilberto's teacher says he will never do well in school and will probably become a criminal because he is not trying hard enough to learn English. The teacher's attitude is known as

Victim blamers contend that African Americans are more likely than Whites to be incarcerated because they have high rates of illegitimacy, a high proportion of transient males, and their families have matriarchal structures. What does this approach ignore?

According to a study conducted at Temple University along one stretch of Interstate 95, 75% of traffic violations were by Whites, yet 80% of searches were of minorities. This is an example of

_____ theories consider the source of deviance to be conditions of the individual's mind or personality.

According to Durkheim, the true function of punishment is to

According to _____, a person in the lower class does not have a strong sense of morality and thus is not constrained by legal rules.

_____ is a public, nonviolent breach of the law with the purpose of calling attention to unfair laws or practices.

Crime, according to Durkheim's point of view, is a _____ function for society, because it serves to reaffirm the legitimacy of the society and creates the boundaries for what is acceptable behavior.

The term _____ deviance refers to the rule breaking that occurs before a person is labeled as "deviant."

The Sociological Perspective

The Duality of Social Life: Order and Conflict

Culture

Socialization

Social Control

Social Stratification

Class

Racial Inequality

Gender Inequality

The Economy

Power and Politics

Families

Education

Religion

Structural Sources of Social Change: Economic and Demographic

Human Agency: Individuals and Groups in Society Changing Social Structures

Filters

Exam 6: Deviance

For people found guilty of murder, the most severe sentences are handed out when the victim is _____ and the perpetrator is _____.

The person-blame interpretations of deviance reinforce

Which of the following scenarios from the chapter illustrates the point that violators of important social norms are often stigmatized?

According to labeling theory, a person being labeled as a deviant is

Who decides that certain behavior is or is not deviant in a society?

_____ is the view of deviant behavior that stresses the importance of the society in defining what is illegal and in assigning deviant status to particular individuals, which in turn dominates their identities and behaviors.

By punishing deviants, the group expresses collective indignation and reaffirms its commitments to the rules. This illustrates which of the five important principles of deviance described in the chapter?

In a heterogeneous society, what constitutes deviance

Evidence that deviance is a(n) _____ is found in the fact that societies differ on what is considered deviance.

Which of the following contended in a 2008 essay on the culture of poverty that we should stop focusing on the underclass because it is the overclass that is hurting society?

Gilberto's teacher says he will never do well in school and will probably become a criminal because he is not trying hard enough to learn English. The teacher's attitude is known as

Victim blamers contend that African Americans are more likely than Whites to be incarcerated because they have high rates of illegitimacy, a high proportion of transient males, and their families have matriarchal structures. What does this approach ignore?

According to a study conducted at Temple University along one stretch of Interstate 95, 75% of traffic violations were by Whites, yet 80% of searches were of minorities. This is an example of

_____ theories consider the source of deviance to be conditions of the individual's mind or personality.

According to Durkheim, the true function of punishment is to

According to _____, a person in the lower class does not have a strong sense of morality and thus is not constrained by legal rules.

_____ is a public, nonviolent breach of the law with the purpose of calling attention to unfair laws or practices.

Crime, according to Durkheim's point of view, is a _____ function for society, because it serves to reaffirm the legitimacy of the society and creates the boundaries for what is acceptable behavior.

The term _____ deviance refers to the rule breaking that occurs before a person is labeled as "deviant."

The Sociological Perspective

The Duality of Social Life: Order and Conflict

Culture

Socialization

Social Control

Social Stratification

Class

Racial Inequality

Gender Inequality

The Economy

Power and Politics

Families

Education

Religion

Structural Sources of Social Change: Economic and Demographic

Human Agency: Individuals and Groups in Society Changing Social Structures

Filters

For people found guilty of murder, the most severe sentences are handed out when the victim is _ and the perpetrator is _.