Question 1

Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss research that shows how vision is...

Question 2

"Blind walking" studies have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants cannot locate nearby objects with their eyes closed. 
B)  flow information is necessary for navigation; blindfolded participants cannot walk to a target location they have just seen. 
C)  blindfolded participants can navigate short distances as long as they walk in a straight line. 
D)  blindfolded participants can navigate short distances when walking in a straight line or making an angled turn. 
A)  participants cannot locate nearby objects with their eyes closed. 
B)  flow information is necessary for navigation; blindfolded participants cannot walk to a target location they have just seen. 
C)  blindfolded participants can navigate short distances as long as they walk in a straight line. 
D)  blindfolded participants can navigate short distances when walking in a straight line or making an angled turn.

Question 3

Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and discuss two characteristics of optic...

Question 4

Individuals with damage to the parietal regions associated with reaching have difficulty with reaching tasks. An analysis of their reach "paths" reveals that the parietal region

Accepted Answer

A)  provides guidance for where to reach. 
B)  calculates the distance required to reach for an object. 
C)  is responsible for motor coordination. 
D)  provides guidance for reaching and avoiding obstacles 
A)  provides guidance for where to reach. 
B)  calculates the distance required to reach for an object. 
C)  is responsible for motor coordination. 
D)  provides guidance for reaching and avoiding obstacles

Question 5

Mirror neurons in the monkey fire

Accepted Answer

A)  when the monkey sees the experimenter grasp a piece of food, and when the monkey also grasps the food. 
B)  when the experimenter grasps the food with his/her fingers, and when the experimenter picks up the food using pliers. 
C)  when the monkey sees the food reflected in a mirror. 
D)  when the monkey grasps the food with his/her fingers, and when the monkey picks up the food using pliers. 
A)  when the monkey sees the experimenter grasp a piece of food, and when the monkey also grasps the food. 
B)  when the experimenter grasps the food with his/her fingers, and when the experimenter picks up the food using pliers. 
C)  when the monkey sees the food reflected in a mirror. 
D)  when the monkey grasps the food with his/her fingers, and when the monkey picks up the food using pliers.

Question 6

MST neurons that respond to flow

Accepted Answer

A)  tend not to be motion-selective, but are orientation sensitive. 
B)  are found primarily in the ventral stream. 
C)  can be selective to outward-expanding or circular motions. 
D)  have not been found in the monkey brain. 
A)  tend not to be motion-selective, but are orientation sensitive. 
B)  are found primarily in the ventral stream. 
C)  can be selective to outward-expanding or circular motions. 
D)  have not been found in the monkey brain.

Question 7

Elena looks at a banana and realizes that the banana is "eat-able." This an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  optic flow. 
B)  a texture gradient. 
C)  ataxia. 
D)  an affordance. 
A)  optic flow. 
B)  a texture gradient. 
C)  ataxia. 
D)  an affordance.

Question 8

Information that remains constant even though the observer is moving is called

Accepted Answer

A)  flow gradient. 
B)  texture gradient. 
C)  penumbra constants. 
D)  invariant information. 
A)  flow gradient. 
B)  texture gradient. 
C)  penumbra constants. 
D)  invariant information.

Question 9

"Optical flow neurons" have been found in the monkey's

Accepted Answer

A)  medial temporal (MT) cortex. 
B)  medial superior temporal (MST) area. 
C)  striate cortex. 
D)  superior temporal sulcus. 
A)  medial temporal (MT) cortex. 
B)  medial superior temporal (MST) area. 
C)  striate cortex. 
D)  superior temporal sulcus.

Question 10

Affordances

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a counterexample to Gibson's ecological approach. 
B)  are used to explain the flow of information organizational principles. 
C)  provide the observer possibilities for action. 
D)  arise from the interaction between flow and depth cues. 
A)  provide a counterexample to Gibson's ecological approach. 
B)  are used to explain the flow of information organizational principles. 
C)  provide the observer possibilities for action. 
D)  arise from the interaction between flow and depth cues.

Question 11

Hamid et al. (2010) had participants navigate a maze while recording their eye movements. The maze contained landmarks on the walls at corners and at other positions that would not aid maze navigation. After participants learned the maze, the researchers removed half of the landmarks. The results of this study revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  performance decreased when landmarks were removed that had been viewed 	longer. 
B)  participants did not notice that the landmarks were missing and their performance 	was unaffected. 
C)  participants had been relying on all landmarks to navigate. 
D)  performance increased when non-informative landmarks were removded. 
A)  performance decreased when landmarks were removed that had been viewed 	longer. 
B)  participants did not notice that the landmarks were missing and their performance 	was unaffected. 
C)  participants had been relying on all landmarks to navigate. 
D)  performance increased when non-informative landmarks were removded.

Question 12

Which of the following factors has not been shown to influence action-based object perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anticipation of having help to lift an object. 
B)  Describing the object to someone before interacting with it. 
C)  Recent success or failure while interacting with an object. 
D)  Anticipated difficult of the task. 
A)  Anticipation of having help to lift an object. 
B)  Describing the object to someone before interacting with it. 
C)  Recent success or failure while interacting with an object. 
D)  Anticipated difficult of the task.

Question 13

(a) What are affordances?
(b) Provide an example of an object and what action it affords.
(c) Describe whether or not an object could have more than one affordance associated with it.

Accepted Answer

(a) Affordances are the potential action

Question 14

The ecological approach emerged as a reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  to the structuralist approach. 
B)  to the artificiality of laboratory approach to studying vision. 
C)  to the over-reliance on brain imaging techniques. 
D)  to pointillism. 
A)  to the structuralist approach. 
B)  to the artificiality of laboratory approach to studying vision. 
C)  to the over-reliance on brain imaging techniques. 
D)  to pointillism.

Question 15

After damage to her _______ Cathy has no trouble finding her way to location on major roads in town, but she becomes lost on side roads, even those she had driven many times.

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus. 
B)  medial superior temporal area. 
C)  retrosplenial cortex. 
D)  superior temporal sulcus. 
A)  hippocampus. 
B)  medial superior temporal area. 
C)  retrosplenial cortex. 
D)  superior temporal sulcus.

Question 16

In Janzen and vanTurennout's study of using landmarks as "decision points" in a navigating through a museum, participants

Accepted Answer

A)  had greater brain activation in the MST when they saw "non-decision" points than when they saw "decision points." 
B)  had lower recognition scores for landmarks than non-landmarks. 
C)  had greater brain activation in the parahippocampal gyrus for "decision points" than "non-decision points." 
D)  recognized "decision points" better when cells in their temporal cortex were microstimulated. 
A)  had greater brain activation in the MST when they saw "non-decision" points than when they saw "decision points." 
B)  had lower recognition scores for landmarks than non-landmarks. 
C)  had greater brain activation in the parahippocampal gyrus for "decision points" than "non-decision points." 
D)  recognized "decision points" better when cells in their temporal cortex were microstimulated.

Question 17

The neurons that signal the monkey's intention to grab an object are mostly found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus. 
B)  superior colliculus. 
C)  parietal reach region (PRR). 
D)  nystagmus parietal radius (NPR). 
A)  hippocampus. 
B)  superior colliculus. 
C)  parietal reach region (PRR). 
D)  nystagmus parietal radius (NPR).

Question 18

Softball players were asked to estimate the size of a softball immediately after a game. When perceived ball size was examined in relation to batting average, it was revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  tired players (regardless of batting average) provided smaller ball-size estimates than rested players. 
B)  rested players with high batting averages provided smaller ball-size estimates than tired players with high batting averages. 
C)  players with better batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than players with lower batting averages. 
D)  rested players with lower batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than tired players with low batting averages. 
A)  tired players (regardless of batting average) provided smaller ball-size estimates than rested players. 
B)  rested players with high batting averages provided smaller ball-size estimates than tired players with high batting averages. 
C)  players with better batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than players with lower batting averages. 
D)  rested players with lower batting averages provided larger ball-size estimates than tired players with low batting averages.

Question 19

Joe enters a room, sees a novel object, and promptly walks over and sits on it. The object was about the size of a small table and had a flat, smooth surface at approximately knee height. If asked to explain Joe's behavior, Gibson would likely say that Joe

Accepted Answer

A)  was acting based on affordances. 
B)  had sustained damage to his hippocampus. 
C)  had learned the function of the object from optic flow. 
D)  was suffering from optic ataxia. 
A)  was acting based on affordances. 
B)  had sustained damage to his hippocampus. 
C)  had learned the function of the object from optic flow. 
D)  was suffering from optic ataxia.

Question 20

Which statement is true concerning the focus of expansion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It always occurs at the point you are fixated on. 
B)  It always occurs at the point you are moving toward. 
C)  It continues in the same direction once established. 
D)  It always contains the fastest flow of information. 
A)  It always occurs at the point you are fixated on. 
B)  It always occurs at the point you are moving toward. 
C)  It continues in the same direction once established. 
D)  It always contains the fastest flow of information.

Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.

"Blind walking" studies have shown that

Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.

Individuals with damage to the parietal regions associated with reaching have difficulty with reaching tasks. An analysis of their reach "paths" reveals that the parietal region

Mirror neurons in the monkey fire

MST neurons that respond to flow

Elena looks at a banana and realizes that the banana is "eat-able." This an example of

Information that remains constant even though the observer is moving is called

"Optical flow neurons" have been found in the monkey's

Affordances

Which of the following factors has not been shown to influence action-based object perception?

(a) What are affordances? (b) Provide an example of an object and what action it affords. (c) Describe whether or not an object could have more than one affordance associated with it.

The ecological approach emerged as a reaction

After damage to her _______ Cathy has no trouble finding her way to location on major roads in town, but she becomes lost on side roads, even those she had driven many times.

In Janzen and vanTurennout's study of using landmarks as "decision points" in a navigating through a museum, participants

The neurons that signal the monkey's intention to grab an object are mostly found in the

Softball players were asked to estimate the size of a softball immediately after a game. When perceived ball size was examined in relation to batting average, it was revealed that

Joe enters a room, sees a novel object, and promptly walks over and sits on it. The object was about the size of a small table and had a flat, smooth surface at approximately knee height. If asked to explain Joe's behavior, Gibson would likely say that Joe

Which statement is true concerning the focus of expansion?

Introduction to Perception

The Beginnings of Perception

Neural Processing and Perception

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing

Auditory Localization and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters

Exam 7: Taking Action

Discuss research that shows how vision is important in performing a somersault.

"Blind walking" studies have shown that

Name and discuss two characteristics of optic flow.

Individuals with damage to the parietal regions associated with reaching have difficulty with reaching tasks. An analysis of their reach "paths" reveals that the parietal region

Mirror neurons in the monkey fire

MST neurons that respond to flow

Elena looks at a banana and realizes that the banana is "eat-able." This an example of

Information that remains constant even though the observer is moving is called

"Optical flow neurons" have been found in the monkey's

Affordances

Which of the following factors has not been shown to influence action-based object perception?

(a) What are affordances? (b) Provide an example of an object and what action it affords. (c) Describe whether or not an object could have more than one affordance associated with it.

The ecological approach emerged as a reaction

After damage to her _______ Cathy has no trouble finding her way to location on major roads in town, but she becomes lost on side roads, even those she had driven many times.

In Janzen and vanTurennout's study of using landmarks as "decision points" in a navigating through a museum, participants

The neurons that signal the monkey's intention to grab an object are mostly found in the

Softball players were asked to estimate the size of a softball immediately after a game. When perceived ball size was examined in relation to batting average, it was revealed that

Joe enters a room, sees a novel object, and promptly walks over and sits on it. The object was about the size of a small table and had a flat, smooth surface at approximately knee height. If asked to explain Joe's behavior, Gibson would likely say that Joe

Which statement is true concerning the focus of expansion?

Introduction to Perception

The Beginnings of Perception

Neural Processing and Perception

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing

Auditory Localization and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters