Question 1

When radiation affects any cells of the body except the reproductive cells, the effect is called indirect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When is the developing fetus most susceptible to the damaging effects of radiation, and why?

Accepted Answer

During the first trimester, im

Question 3

Which of the following groups of cells are correctly ranked in order of radiosensitivity beginning with the most sensitive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle, brain, red blood, white blood 
B)  Reproductive, bone, nerve, muscle 
C)  Brain, bone, connective tissue, white blood 
D)  Red blood, bone, muscle, epithelial 
A)  Muscle, brain, red blood, white blood 
B)  Reproductive, bone, nerve, muscle 
C)  Brain, bone, connective tissue, white blood 
D)  Red blood, bone, muscle, epithelial

Question 4

Each of the following is a potential effect of a low dose of radiation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Accepted Answer

A)  No cell response. 
B)  Cell repairs itself and functions at pre-exposure levels. 
C)  Cell repairs itself abnormally. 
D)  Cell becomes radioactive. 
A)  No cell response. 
B)  Cell repairs itself and functions at pre-exposure levels. 
C)  Cell repairs itself abnormally. 
D)  Cell becomes radioactive.

Question 5

What is the approximate surface (skin) dose of radiation from a full mouth series of 18 F-speed films, exposed at 90 kVp with a 16-inch (41-cm)-length PID?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 mSv 
B)  50 mSv 
C)  75 mSv 
D)  100 mSv 
A)  30 mSv 
B)  50 mSv 
C)  75 mSv 
D)  100 mSv

Question 6

Erythema is a stochastic effect of exposure to radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actively dividing cells are less sensitive. 
B)  Immature cells are more sensitive. 
C)  More specialized cells are more radioresistant. 
D)  Cells are most susceptible to injury during cell division. 
A)  Actively dividing cells are less sensitive. 
B)  Immature cells are more sensitive. 
C)  More specialized cells are more radioresistant. 
D)  Cells are most susceptible to injury during cell division.

Question 8

The lethal dose (LD 50/30) of radiation for humans is estimated to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  4,500 grays. 
B)  450 grays. 
C)  45 grays. 
D)  4.5 grays. 
A)  4,500 grays. 
B)  450 grays. 
C)  45 grays. 
D)  4.5 grays.

Question 9

What theory of radiation damage to cells results from free radicals combining to form toxins such as hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Indirect 
D)  Direct 
A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Indirect 
D)  Direct

Question 10

Which of these periods immediately follows radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The period of injury 
B)  The latent period 
C)  The reparable damage period 
D)  The recovery period 
A)  The period of injury 
B)  The latent period 
C)  The reparable damage period 
D)  The recovery period

Question 11

A threshold dose-response relationship indicates that any dose, regardless of amount, can be expected to produce a biologic response.
A linear dose-response relationship indicates that the biologic response is directly proportional to the
Dose.

Accepted Answer

A)  The first statement is true. The second statement is false. 
B)  The first statement is false. The second statement is true. 
C)  Both statements are true. 
D)  Both statements are false. 
A)  The first statement is true. The second statement is false. 
B)  The first statement is false. The second statement is true. 
C)  Both statements are true. 
D)  Both statements are false.

Question 12

Because they do not divide and are very specialized, reproductive cells are radioresistant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding radiation injury is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of injury to an individual depends on the volume of tissue radiated. 
B)  The lethal dose (LD 50/30) for humans is 1.5 grays. 
C)  Younger, more rapidly dividing cells are more likely to incur damage. 
D)  Individuals vary in radiation sensitivity within the same species. 
A)  The amount of injury to an individual depends on the volume of tissue radiated. 
B)  The lethal dose (LD 50/30) for humans is 1.5 grays. 
C)  Younger, more rapidly dividing cells are more likely to incur damage. 
D)  Individuals vary in radiation sensitivity within the same species.

Question 14

A stochastic effect is when a biological response is based on the probability of occurrence rather than the severity of the change..

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

All cells in the human body have the same sensitivity to radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding the biological effect mechanisms of the indirect effect is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionization dissociates water into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. 
B)  Ions have a strong tendency to seek out new combinations. 
C)  New chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide, can form from hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. 
D)  Radiation must be massive to destroy entire body tissues that result in death. 
A)  Ionization dissociates water into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. 
B)  Ions have a strong tendency to seek out new combinations. 
C)  New chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide, can form from hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. 
D)  Radiation must be massive to destroy entire body tissues that result in death.

Question 17

Scientists do not know whether low levels of radiation exposure carry health risks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The effects of irradiation depend on the type of energy and duration of the exposure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A nonthreshold dose-response curve indicates that there is a certain level of radiation below which no biological response should be anticipated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

At what dose of whole-body radiation would an observable short-term effect of acute radiation syndrome result?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.01 Gy 
B)  0.25 Gy 
C)  0.50 Gy 
D)  1.0 Gy 
A)  0.01 Gy 
B)  0.25 Gy 
C)  0.50 Gy 
D)  1.0 Gy

Exam 5: Effects of Radiation Exposure

When radiation affects any cells of the body except the reproductive cells, the effect is called indirect.

When is the developing fetus most susceptible to the damaging effects of radiation, and why?

Which of the following groups of cells are correctly ranked in order of radiosensitivity beginning with the most sensitive?

Each of the following is a potential effect of a low dose of radiation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

What is the approximate surface (skin) dose of radiation from a full mouth series of 18 F-speed films, exposed at 90 kVp with a 16-inch (41-cm)-length PID?

Erythema is a stochastic effect of exposure to radiation.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau?

The lethal dose (LD 50/30) of radiation for humans is estimated to be:

What theory of radiation damage to cells results from free radicals combining to form toxins such as hydrogen peroxide?

Which of these periods immediately follows radiation exposure?

A threshold dose-response relationship indicates that any dose, regardless of amount, can be expected to produce a biologic response. A linear dose-response relationship indicates that the biologic response is directly proportional to the Dose.

Because they do not divide and are very specialized, reproductive cells are radioresistant.

Which of the following statements regarding radiation injury is FALSE?

A stochastic effect is when a biological response is based on the probability of occurrence rather than the severity of the change..

All cells in the human body have the same sensitivity to radiation.

Which of the following statements regarding the biological effect mechanisms of the indirect effect is FALSE?

Scientists do not know whether low levels of radiation exposure carry health risks.

The effects of irradiation depend on the type of energy and duration of the exposure.

A nonthreshold dose-response curve indicates that there is a certain level of radiation below which no biological response should be anticipated.

At what dose of whole-body radiation would an observable short-term effect of acute radiation syndrome result?

Dental Radiography: Historical Perspective and Future Trends

Characteristics and Measurement of Radiation

The Dental X-Ray Machine: Components and Function

Factors Affecting Radiographic Quality

Radiation Protection

Dental X-Ray Film and Processing Methods

Digital Radiography and Image Acquisition

Infection Control

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities

Patient Relations and Education

Introduction to Radiographic Examinations

The Periapical Examinationparalleling Technique

The Periapical Examinationbisecting Technique

The Bitewing Examination

The Occlusal Examination

The Panoramic Examination

Identifying and Correcting Undiagnostic Radiographs

Quality Control and Environmental Safety in Dental Radiography

Image Orientation and Introduction to Interpretation

Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy Intraoral Radiographs

Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy Panoramic Radiographs

Radiographic Appearance of Dental Materials and Foreign Objects

The Use of Radiographs in the Detection of Dental Caries

The Use of Radiographs in the Evaluation of Periodontal Diseases

Describing Radiographic Anomalies, Lesions, and Opportunistic Screening

Pediatric Radiographic Techniques

Radiographic Techniques for Patients With Special Needs

Radiographic Techniques for Specific Oral Conditions

Radiographic Techniques

Filters