Exam 20: Drugs and Consciousness

The sea slug Aplysia will withdraw its gills if it is squirted with water.If the squirts continue,as they do in nature,the withdrawal response will diminish.But if the sea slug receives an electric shock after being squirted,the withdrawal of the gills will grow stronger.This is an example of

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished,Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel.Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

John B.Watson considered himself to be a

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker)conditioned stimulus.This best illustrates

After Betty noticed that her best girlfriend often received praise from adults for good manners like saying "thank you," Betty began doing the same with the expectation of receiving praise from adults.This best illustrates

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones.This illustrates the process of

Eva's heart rate accelerated when she was confronted by a large snake while hiking.Her accelerated heart rate is an example of

At one time Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one.With subsequent repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings,however,his fear of dogs has gradually faded.Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

Learning specific behaviors simply by watching others perform them is known as

Describe how our capacity for associative learning enables us to anticipate events,develop highly adaptive skills,and replace bad habits with beneficial ones.

You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye.Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a

John B.Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

When a person has linked a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that now the neutral stimulus triggers the conditioned response,________ has occurred.

Psychologists define learning as the process of

A neutral stimulus is an event or situation that

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a(n)

An action that influences the environment and is maintained by its consequences is called

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten.This best illustrates the adaptive value of