Question 1

The Dictionnaire was the greatest achievement of the philosophes,bringing an understanding of language and its history to the common people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  Society of the Friends of Slaves. 
A)  Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  Society of the Friends of Slaves.

Question 3

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The South Pacific island of Tahiti was first discovered for the Europeans by:

Accepted Answer

A)  James Cook. 
B)  Louis-Antoine de Bougainville. 
C)  Ferdinand Magellan. 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt. 
E)  Sydney Parkinson. 
A)  James Cook. 
B)  Louis-Antoine de Bougainville. 
C)  Ferdinand Magellan. 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt. 
E)  Sydney Parkinson.

Question 5

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Felix Mendelssohn 
B)  Gotthold Lessing 
C)  Alexander von Humboldt 
D)  Immanuel Kant 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
A)  Felix Mendelssohn 
B)  Gotthold Lessing 
C)  Alexander von Humboldt 
D)  Immanuel Kant 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach

Question 6

The South Pacific region was explored extensively by both the French and the English.The French explorer,Louis-Antoine de Bougainville,searched the South Pacific in search of a new route to China.He was soon followed by the English explorer:

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Boyle. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  James Caville. 
D)  James Cook. 
E)  John Cabot. 
A)  Robert Boyle. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  James Caville. 
D)  James Cook. 
E)  John Cabot.

Question 7

Although most Enlightenment thinkers did challenge certain central tenets of eighteenth-century culture and politics,a few held truly radical views.Among this radical group was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
B)  René Descartes. 
C)  Edmund Burke. 
D)  Maria Theresa. 
E)  John Locke 
A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
B)  René Descartes. 
C)  Edmund Burke. 
D)  Maria Theresa. 
E)  John Locke

Question 8

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000 
A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000

Question 9

For the philosophers,an important implication of John Locke's tabula rasa was:

Accepted Answer

A)  that all human beings are equal in natural and all other rights. 
B)  its emphasis on political and economic liberalism. 
C)  that private property was the foundation of all legitimate government. 
D)  that environment determines all social progress. 
E)  that human beings were set in their behavior from birth. 
A)  that all human beings are equal in natural and all other rights. 
B)  its emphasis on political and economic liberalism. 
C)  that private property was the foundation of all legitimate government. 
D)  that environment determines all social progress. 
E)  that human beings were set in their behavior from birth.

Question 10

In the war against its American colonists,Britain found itself opposed also by:

Accepted Answer

A)  France and Russia. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  the Netherlands and Spain. 
D)  Russia, France, and Spain. 
E)  France, Spain, and the Netherlands. 
A)  France and Russia. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  the Netherlands and Spain. 
D)  Russia, France, and Spain. 
E)  France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

Question 11

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Immanuel Kant. 
C)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
D)  François Marie Arouet (Voltaire). 
E)  John Locke. 
A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Immanuel Kant. 
C)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 
D)  François Marie Arouet (Voltaire). 
E)  John Locke.

Question 12

Poland suffered repeated losses of its territory to which countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lithuania, Russia, Hungary 
B)  Hungary, Prussia, Austria 
C)  Ottoman Empire, Denmark, Prussia 
D)  Russia, Denmark, Austria 
E)  Russia, Austria, Prussia 
A)  Lithuania, Russia, Hungary 
B)  Hungary, Prussia, Austria 
C)  Ottoman Empire, Denmark, Prussia 
D)  Russia, Denmark, Austria 
E)  Russia, Austria, Prussia

Question 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's somewhat conflicting views of female nature illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shifting meaning of "nature" by the middle of the eighteenth century. 
B)  his belief that women have the same natural rights as men. 
C)  the idea that men and women should receive an identical education. 
D)  the general view that women were little more than creatures of lust and passion. 
E)  that intellectuals of the eighteenth century had difficulty admitting they thought women inferior. 
A)  the shifting meaning of "nature" by the middle of the eighteenth century. 
B)  his belief that women have the same natural rights as men. 
C)  the idea that men and women should receive an identical education. 
D)  the general view that women were little more than creatures of lust and passion. 
E)  that intellectuals of the eighteenth century had difficulty admitting they thought women inferior.

Question 14

Mary Wollstonecraft believed that equality laid the basis for virtue and thus argued that society ought to seek "the perfection of our nature and capability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  order." 
B)  affection." 
C)  redemption." 
D)  happiness." 
E)  peace." 
A)  order." 
B)  affection." 
C)  redemption." 
D)  happiness." 
E)  peace."

Question 15

All of the following describe attitudes or policies of Frederick the Great EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  started the most professional and efficient bureaucracy in Europe. 
B)  opposed to capital punishment and judicial torture. 
C)  encouraged religious tolerations of Jews. 
D)  dependent on a foreign policy of diplomacy in the service of maintaining peace with his neighbors. 
E)  dedicated to agricultural innovation and improvement. 
A)  started the most professional and efficient bureaucracy in Europe. 
B)  opposed to capital punishment and judicial torture. 
C)  encouraged religious tolerations of Jews. 
D)  dependent on a foreign policy of diplomacy in the service of maintaining peace with his neighbors. 
E)  dedicated to agricultural innovation and improvement.

Question 16

The "invisible hand" of Adam Smith's theory could best guide economic activity because:

Accepted Answer

A)  state-owned manufacturing signified the wealth of a nation. 
B)  it controlled middle-class entrepreneurs with legislative restrictions on trade. 
C)  it made all mercantilist interests legitimate functions of government. 
D)  all humans are rational and are the best judges of their own interests. 
E)  Smith believed that economics was controlled by something beyond human understanding. 
A)  state-owned manufacturing signified the wealth of a nation. 
B)  it controlled middle-class entrepreneurs with legislative restrictions on trade. 
C)  it made all mercantilist interests legitimate functions of government. 
D)  all humans are rational and are the best judges of their own interests. 
E)  Smith believed that economics was controlled by something beyond human understanding.

Question 17

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Tabula rasa means "human mind."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

Accepted Answer

A)  as religions in need of rational reform. 
B)  to be enlightened partners in human progress. 
C)  superstitious and backward religions. 
D)  the objects of necessary persecutions. 
E)  the equal of Christianity as all were religions "of the Book." 
A)  as religions in need of rational reform. 
B)  to be enlightened partners in human progress. 
C)  superstitious and backward religions. 
D)  the objects of necessary persecutions. 
E)  the equal of Christianity as all were religions "of the Book."

Question 20

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach. 
A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach.

Exam 17: Europe during the Enlightenment

The Dictionnaire was the greatest achievement of the philosophes,bringing an understanding of language and its history to the common people.

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was the:

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

The South Pacific island of Tahiti was first discovered for the Europeans by:

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

The South Pacific region was explored extensively by both the French and the English.The French explorer,Louis-Antoine de Bougainville,searched the South Pacific in search of a new route to China.He was soon followed by the English explorer:

Although most Enlightenment thinkers did challenge certain central tenets of eighteenth-century culture and politics,a few held truly radical views.Among this radical group was:

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

For the philosophers,an important implication of John Locke's tabula rasa was:

In the war against its American colonists,Britain found itself opposed also by:

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

Poland suffered repeated losses of its territory to which countries?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's somewhat conflicting views of female nature illustrate:

Mary Wollstonecraft believed that equality laid the basis for virtue and thus argued that society ought to seek "the perfection of our nature and capability of:

All of the following describe attitudes or policies of Frederick the Great EXCEPT:

The "invisible hand" of Adam Smith's theory could best guide economic activity because:

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Tabula rasa means "human mind."

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs,500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1250

The Medieval World,1250–1350

Rebirth and Unrest,1350–1453

Innovation and Exploration,1453–1533

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1564

Europe in the Atlantic World,1550–1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism,1660–1725

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution,1815–1848

Revolutions and Nation Building,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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