Question 1

Describe why the assignment of subjects to the conditions of an experiment in a between-subjects design is such a critical issue.

Accepted Answer

By assigning participants to conditions,

Question 2

Describe some of the problems that can develop if participants from different treatment conditions have an opportunity to talk with each other during the course of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

If participants in a no-treatment condit

Question 3

Resentful demoralization occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment. 
B) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment. 
C) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated. 
D) participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed. 
A) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment. 
B) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment. 
C) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated. 
D) participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed.

Question 4

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the basic characteristics of a between-subjects experiment.

Accepted Answer

In a between-subjects experiment differe

Question 7

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When the data do not consist of numerical scores and it is impossible to examine mean differences between groups,which statistical analysis is most appropriate for a between-subjects design?

Accepted Answer

A) independent-measures t test 
B) repeated-measures t test 
C) single-factor analysis of variance 
D) chi-square test for independence 
A) independent-measures t test 
B) repeated-measures t test 
C) single-factor analysis of variance 
D) chi-square test for independence

Question 9

One characteristic of a between-subjects design is that the data consist of exactly one score for each participant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a between-subject design?

Accepted Answer

A) They require large numbers of participants. 
B) Individual differences can produce high variance in the scores. 
C) Individual differences can become confounding variables. 
D) Each score is independent of all the other scores. 
A) They require large numbers of participants. 
B) Individual differences can produce high variance in the scores. 
C) Individual differences can become confounding variables. 
D) Each score is independent of all the other scores.

Question 11

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An advantage of matching a variable across treatments rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that

Accepted Answer

A) matching reduces error due to participant differences. 
B) matching is easier than randomization. 
C) matching guarantees that there is no systematic relationship between participant characteristics and the treatment conditions. 
D) matching ensures a nonbiased sample. 
A) matching reduces error due to participant differences. 
B) matching is easier than randomization. 
C) matching guarantees that there is no systematic relationship between participant characteristics and the treatment conditions. 
D) matching ensures a nonbiased sample.

Question 13

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In a between-subjects experiment,participants are assigned to treatments using random assignment.Why is random assignment used?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows the experimenter to manipulate participant variables. 
B) It is an attempt to control participant variables so they don't become confounding variables. 
C) It gives the experimenter an opportunity to measure participant variables that might influence the outcome of the experiment. 
D) It helps to ensure that the participants in the study are representative of the general population. 
A) It allows the experimenter to manipulate participant variables. 
B) It is an attempt to control participant variables so they don't become confounding variables. 
C) It gives the experimenter an opportunity to measure participant variables that might influence the outcome of the experiment. 
D) It helps to ensure that the participants in the study are representative of the general population.

Question 15

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Matching a variable across treatment guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Researchers typically try to

Accepted Answer

A) increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments. 
B) decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments. 
C) increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments. 
D) decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments. 
A) increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments. 
B) decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments. 
C) increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments. 
D) decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments.

Question 18

A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition.How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 80 
A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 80

Question 19

In a between-subjects design

Accepted Answer

A) each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable. 
B) all participants experience every level of the independent variable. 
C) each participant is investigated in great detail with multiple measures. 
D) behavioral observation is used. 
A) each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable. 
B) all participants experience every level of the independent variable. 
C) each participant is investigated in great detail with multiple measures. 
D) behavioral observation is used.

Question 20

In an experiment examining the effects of running on stress levels,one group of participants is tested after running on a treadmill for 30 minutes.A week later,the same group of participants is tested after resting on a bed for 30 minutes.This is an example of a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) single-subjects 
B) between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) matched groups 
A) single-subjects 
B) between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) matched groups

Describe why the assignment of subjects to the conditions of an experiment in a between-subjects design is such a critical issue.

Describe some of the problems that can develop if participants from different treatment conditions have an opportunity to talk with each other during the course of the experiment.

Resentful demoralization occurs when

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.

Describe the basic characteristics of a between-subjects experiment.

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

When the data do not consist of numerical scores and it is impossible to examine mean differences between groups,which statistical analysis is most appropriate for a between-subjects design?

One characteristic of a between-subjects design is that the data consist of exactly one score for each participant.

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a between-subject design?

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

An advantage of matching a variable across treatments rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.

In a between-subjects experiment,participants are assigned to treatments using random assignment.Why is random assignment used?

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

Matching a variable across treatment guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

Researchers typically try to

A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition.How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?

In a between-subjects design

In an experiment examining the effects of running on stress levels,one group of participants is tested after running on a treadmill for 30 minutes.A week later,the same group of participants is tested after resting on a bed for 30 minutes.This is an example of a ________ design.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Describe why the assignment of subjects to the conditions of an experiment in a between-subjects design is such a critical issue.

Describe some of the problems that can develop if participants from different treatment conditions have an opportunity to talk with each other during the course of the experiment.

Resentful demoralization occurs when

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.

Describe the basic characteristics of a between-subjects experiment.

Holding a variable constant guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

When the data do not consist of numerical scores and it is impossible to examine mean differences between groups,which statistical analysis is most appropriate for a between-subjects design?

One characteristic of a between-subjects design is that the data consist of exactly one score for each participant.

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a between-subject design?

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

An advantage of matching a variable across treatments rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.

In a between-subjects experiment,participants are assigned to treatments using random assignment.Why is random assignment used?

A between-subjects experiment with 25 scores in treatment I and 25 scores in treatment II must have a total of 25 participants in the experiment.

Matching a variable across treatment guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

Researchers typically try to

A between-subjects experiment comparing four treatment conditions produces 20 scores in each treatment condition.How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?

In a between-subjects design

In an experiment examining the effects of running on stress levels,one group of participants is tested after running on a treadmill for 30 minutes.A week later,the same group of participants is tested after resting on a bed for 30 minutes.This is an example of a ________ design.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters