Question 1

Manipulating an independent variable involves

Accepted Answer

A) exposing participants to at least one level of the independent variable. 
B) exposing participants to at least two levels of the independent variable. 
C) exposing participants to at least three levels of the independent variable. 
D) measuring two or more behaviors and determining whether they are related. 
A) exposing participants to at least one level of the independent variable. 
B) exposing participants to at least two levels of the independent variable. 
C) exposing participants to at least three levels of the independent variable. 
D) measuring two or more behaviors and determining whether they are related.

Question 2

Dr.Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter.A sample of 100 households is selected.Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr.Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs.In the other 50 houses,all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs.After two months,Dr.Jones measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses.In this example,how many dependent variables are there?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 
B) 50 
C) 2 
D) 1 
A) 100 
B) 50 
C) 2 
D) 1

Question 3

To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables,a researcher must make one of the variables change rather than waiting for it to change naturally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Explain why control of extraneous variables is a necessary component of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

In an experiment,control of extraneous v

Question 5

Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to ________ but it can limit the ________ of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity,external validity 
B) external validity,internal validity 
C) internal validity,reliability 
D) external validity,reliability 
A) internal validity,external validity 
B) external validity,internal validity 
C) internal validity,reliability 
D) external validity,reliability

Question 6

Dr.Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter.A sample of 100 households is selected.Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr.Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs.In the other 50 houses,all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs.After two months,Dr.Jones measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses.In this study,the independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A) the brightness of the lights. 
B) the level of depression. 
C) the houses with 100-watt bulbs. 
D) the houses with 60-watt bulbs. 
A) the brightness of the lights. 
B) the level of depression. 
C) the houses with 100-watt bulbs. 
D) the houses with 60-watt bulbs.

Question 7

In an experiment,the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by

Accepted Answer

A) holding it constant. 
B) using randomization. 
C) manipulating the independent variable. 
D) measuring the dependent variable. 
A) holding it constant. 
B) using randomization. 
C) manipulating the independent variable. 
D) measuring the dependent variable.

Question 9

Manipulation checks are particularly important when

Accepted Answer

A) there are small changes from one treatment condition to the other. 
B) simulations are used. 
C) a placebo is used. 
D) the other three choices are all situations in which manipulation checks are important. 
A) there are small changes from one treatment condition to the other. 
B) simulations are used. 
C) a placebo is used. 
D) the other three choices are all situations in which manipulation checks are important.

Question 10

A no-treatment control group is a condition in which participants

Accepted Answer

A) receive a zero-value of the independent variable. 
B) receive the treatment. 
C) receive a fake treatment. 
D) receive a non-zero value of the independent variable. 
A) receive a zero-value of the independent variable. 
B) receive the treatment. 
C) receive a fake treatment. 
D) receive a non-zero value of the independent variable.

Question 11

A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world.This type of research is called

Accepted Answer

A) a simulation study. 
B) a field study. 
C) a transported study. 
D) a quasi-experimental study. 
A) a simulation study. 
B) a field study. 
C) a transported study. 
D) a quasi-experimental study.

Question 12

Explain how simulation and field studies increase external validity.

Accepted Answer

Research results obtained in an artifici

Question 13

Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _________ of an experiment and still keep much of the _________ of research conducted in the real world.

Accepted Answer

A) external validity,internal validity 
B) internal validity,external validity 
C) experimental realism,mundane realism 
D) mundane realism,experimental realism 
A) external validity,internal validity 
B) internal validity,external validity 
C) experimental realism,mundane realism 
D) mundane realism,experimental realism

Question 14

In an experiment,participants are usually assigned to treatments using random assignment.The reason for using random assignment is

Accepted Answer

A) to allow the experimenter to manipulate participant variables. 
B) to allow the experimenter to manipulate environmental variables. 
C) to help control extraneous variables. 
D) a required component of all experiments. 
A) to allow the experimenter to manipulate participant variables. 
B) to allow the experimenter to manipulate environmental variables. 
C) to help control extraneous variables. 
D) a required component of all experiments.

Question 15

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Dr.Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter.A sample of 100 households is selected.Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr.Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs.In the other 50 houses,all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs.After two months,Dr.Jones measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses.Assuming that the study uses people from different age groups,participant age would be a(n)__________ variable in the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent 
B) independent 
C) extraneous 
D) confounding 
A) dependent 
B) independent 
C) extraneous 
D) confounding

Question 17

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by holding it constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The goal of the experimental research strategy is to establish the existence of

Accepted Answer

A) a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. 
B) a relationship between two variables. 
C) no relationship between two variables. 
D) a bi-directional relationship between two variables. 
A) a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. 
B) a relationship between two variables. 
C) no relationship between two variables. 
D) a bi-directional relationship between two variables.

Question 19

What is the general purpose for using simulations and field studies?

Accepted Answer

A) to increase external validity 
B) to increase internal validity 
C) to verify that the manipulation of the independent variable was successful 
D) to prevent extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables 
A) to increase external validity 
B) to increase internal validity 
C) to verify that the manipulation of the independent variable was successful 
D) to prevent extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables

Question 20

Explain why manipulation of an independent variable is a necessary component of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

In an experiment,manipulation of the ind

Manipulating an independent variable involves

To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables,a researcher must make one of the variables change rather than waiting for it to change naturally.

Explain why control of extraneous variables is a necessary component of an experiment.

Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to but it can limit the of an experiment.

In an experiment,the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by

Manipulation checks are particularly important when

A no-treatment control group is a condition in which participants

A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world.This type of research is called

Explain how simulation and field studies increase external validity.

Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _ of an experiment and still keep much of the _ of research conducted in the real world.

In an experiment,participants are usually assigned to treatments using random assignment.The reason for using random assignment is

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by holding it constant.

The goal of the experimental research strategy is to establish the existence of

What is the general purpose for using simulations and field studies?

Explain why manipulation of an independent variable is a necessary component of an experiment.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 7: The Experimental Research Strategy

Manipulating an independent variable involves

To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables,a researcher must make one of the variables change rather than waiting for it to change naturally.

Explain why control of extraneous variables is a necessary component of an experiment.

Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to ________ but it can limit the ________ of an experiment.

In an experiment,the process of manipulation involves changing the value of the dependent variable from one treatment condition to another.

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by

Manipulation checks are particularly important when

A no-treatment control group is a condition in which participants

A researcher moves an experiment out of the laboratory and into the real world.This type of research is called

Explain how simulation and field studies increase external validity.

Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _________ of an experiment and still keep much of the _________ of research conducted in the real world.

In an experiment,participants are usually assigned to treatments using random assignment.The reason for using random assignment is

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

An extraneous variable can be eliminated completely by holding it constant.

The goal of the experimental research strategy is to establish the existence of

What is the general purpose for using simulations and field studies?

Explain why manipulation of an independent variable is a necessary component of an experiment.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing one threat to but it can limit the of an experiment.

Researchers often use simulation experiments in an attempt to obtain the _ of an experiment and still keep much of the _ of research conducted in the real world.