Question 1

Memory codes are

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequences of dots and dashes that form chunks 
B)  Sequences of dots and dashes that never form chunks, so they remain forever expressed in a mysterious code 
C)  Distinct forms of representation such as sounds, sights, or smells associated with memories 
D)  Rules for imitation 
A)  Sequences of dots and dashes that form chunks 
B)  Sequences of dots and dashes that never form chunks, so they remain forever expressed in a mysterious code 
C)  Distinct forms of representation such as sounds, sights, or smells associated with memories 
D)  Rules for imitation C

Question 2

Ideo-motor theory says

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor behavior and ideas are separate 
B)  Motor behavior and ideas identical 
C)  Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play a role in initiating those actions 
D)  Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play no role in initiating those actions 
A)  Motor behavior and ideas are separate 
B)  Motor behavior and ideas identical 
C)  Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play a role in initiating those actions 
D)  Representations of perceptual consequences of actions play no role in initiating those actions C

Question 3

Directing a great deal of attention to a task

Accepted Answer

A)  Tends to help it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice 
B)  Tends to help it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice 
C)  Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice 
D)  Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice 
A)  Tends to help it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice 
B)  Tends to help it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice 
C)  Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to hurt it late in practice 
D)  Tends to hurt it early in practice and tends to help it late in practice B

Question 4

Whereas the response chaining theory of sequencing says that feedback from one response triggers the next response or a later response), the element-to-position theory of sequencing says that

Accepted Answer

A)  Each response sequence is an element of the series of response sequences that an organism performs in its lifetime 
B)  Each response is associated with all the sequences of which it is a part 
C)  Each response in a sequence is associated with a serial position in that sequence 
D)  Each response in a sequence is associated with a chemical element 
A)  Each response sequence is an element of the series of response sequences that an organism performs in its lifetime 
B)  Each response is associated with all the sequences of which it is a part 
C)  Each response in a sequence is associated with a serial position in that sequence 
D)  Each response in a sequence is associated with a chemical element

Question 5

The hierarchical theory of sequencing provides a basis for explaining which phenomenon that the response chaining theory, element-to-position theory, and inter-element inhibition theory do not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supervisory behavior 
B)  Slavish behavior 
C)  Rule-governed behavior 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Supervisory behavior 
B)  Slavish behavior 
C)  Rule-governed behavior 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Buffers hold information

Accepted Answer

A)  For more time than short-term memory does 
B)  For more time than long-term memory does 
C)  For less time than long-term memory does 
D)  For the same amount of time that short-term memory does and that long-term memory does 
A)  For more time than short-term memory does 
B)  For more time than long-term memory does 
C)  For less time than long-term memory does 
D)  For the same amount of time that short-term memory does and that long-term memory does

Question 7

According to the Power Law of Learning,

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of improvement on a task increases with practice 
B)  The rate of improvement on a task decreases with practice 
C)  The rate of improvement on a task increases as the learner gains power 
D)  The rate of improvement on a task decreases as the learner gains power 
A)  The rate of improvement on a task increases with practice 
B)  The rate of improvement on a task decreases with practice 
C)  The rate of improvement on a task increases as the learner gains power 
D)  The rate of improvement on a task decreases as the learner gains power

Question 8

According to the inter-element inhibition theory of sequencing

Accepted Answer

A)  The first response in a sequence inhibits the most other responses in the sequence 
B)  The last response in a sequence receives the most inhibition of all the responses in the sequence 
C)  Each response inhibits itself once it is triggered 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The first response in a sequence inhibits the most other responses in the sequence 
B)  The last response in a sequence receives the most inhibition of all the responses in the sequence 
C)  Each response inhibits itself once it is triggered 
D)  All of the above

Question 9

The response chaining theory of sequencing has the following problem or problems

Accepted Answer

A)  Successive movements often occur too quickly for any one movement to be elicited by sensory feedback from the preceding movement. 
B)  The same output can be followed by different outputs on different occasions. 
C)  Interrupting sensory feedback does not always interrupt movement. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Successive movements often occur too quickly for any one movement to be elicited by sensory feedback from the preceding movement. 
B)  The same output can be followed by different outputs on different occasions. 
C)  Interrupting sensory feedback does not always interrupt movement. 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

Based on Nikolai Bernstein's views of skill acquisition, one would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked early in practice and unlocked later in practice 
B)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked early in practice and locked later in practice 
C)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked forever 
D)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked forever 
A)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked early in practice and unlocked later in practice 
B)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked early in practice and locked later in practice 
C)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints locked forever 
D)  Pistol shooters to keep their wrist and elbow joints unlocked forever

Question 11

Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specificity of practice 
B)  Generality of practice 
C)  Closing the loop 
D)  Chunking 
A)  Specificity of practice 
B)  Generality of practice 
C)  Closing the loop 
D)  Chunking

Question 12

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle 
B)  Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
C)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle 
B)  Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
C)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences ___________ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences ____________ as the sequences lengthen

Accepted Answer

A)  Shorten, shorten 
B)  Shorten, lengthen 
C)  Lengthen, shorten 
D)  Lengthen, lengthen 
A)  Shorten, shorten 
B)  Shorten, lengthen 
C)  Lengthen, shorten 
D)  Lengthen, lengthen

Question 14

A skilled tennis player who has never skated will probably learn to play squash a tennis-like sport) more quickly than a skilled skater who has never played tennis. This outcome is predicted by the theory of

Accepted Answer

A)  Schemas 
B)  Generalized programs 
C)  a and b 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Schemas 
B)  Generalized programs 
C)  a and b 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  There are many ways that behavior can get out of control 
B)  There are many ways that behavior can unfold 
C)  There are many ways to fold a piece of paper 
D)  None of the above 
A)  There are many ways that behavior can get out of control 
B)  There are many ways that behavior can unfold 
C)  There are many ways to fold a piece of paper 
D)  None of the above

Question 16

Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Successive movement sequences that are similar can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are different 
B)  Successive movement sequences that are different can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are similar 
C)  The brain is similar to a computer 
D)  The brain is different from a computer 
A)  Successive movement sequences that are similar can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are different 
B)  Successive movement sequences that are different can be performed more quickly than successive movement sequences that are similar 
C)  The brain is similar to a computer 
D)  The brain is different from a computer

Question 17

People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action

Accepted Answer

A)  Before relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
B)  After relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
C)  When the relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
D)  This experiment has never been done 
A)  Before relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
B)  After relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
C)  When the relevant brain activity suggests the intention has formed 
D)  This experiment has never been done

Question 18

According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Automatic, associative, cognitive 
B)  Associative, automatic, cognitive 
C)  Cognitive, automatic, associative 
D)  Cognitive, associative, automatic 
A)  Automatic, associative, cognitive 
B)  Associative, automatic, cognitive 
C)  Cognitive, automatic, associative 
D)  Cognitive, associative, automatic

Question 19

Mental imagery can contribute to skill acquisition. This outcome is best accounted for with

Accepted Answer

A)  The Power Law of Learning 
B)  Response chaining theory 
C)  Hierarchical learning theory 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The Power Law of Learning 
B)  Response chaining theory 
C)  Hierarchical learning theory 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

A patient whose left and right hippocampus were surgically removed

Accepted Answer

A)  Did not improve on mirror tracing and did not recognize the person who administered the tests 
B)  Did improve on mirror tracing but did not recognize the person who administered the tests 
C)  Did improve on mirror tracing and did recognize the person who administered the tests 
D)  Did not improve on mirror tracing but did recognize the person who administered the tests 
A)  Did not improve on mirror tracing and did not recognize the person who administered the tests 
B)  Did improve on mirror tracing but did not recognize the person who administered the tests 
C)  Did improve on mirror tracing and did recognize the person who administered the tests 
D)  Did not improve on mirror tracing but did recognize the person who administered the tests

Memory codes are

Ideo-motor theory says

Directing a great deal of attention to a task

Whereas the response chaining theory of sequencing says that feedback from one response triggers the next response or a later response), the element-to-position theory of sequencing says that

The hierarchical theory of sequencing provides a basis for explaining which phenomenon that the response chaining theory, element-to-position theory, and inter-element inhibition theory do not?

Buffers hold information

According to the Power Law of Learning,

According to the inter-element inhibition theory of sequencing

The response chaining theory of sequencing has the following problem or problems

Based on Nikolai Bernstein's views of skill acquisition, one would expect

Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___.

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences _ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences __ as the sequences lengthen

A skilled tennis player who has never skated will probably learn to play squash a tennis-like sport) more quickly than a skilled skater who has never played tennis. This outcome is predicted by the theory of

According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis

Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that

People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action

According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?

Mental imagery can contribute to skill acquisition. This outcome is best accounted for with

A patient whose left and right hippocampus were surgically removed

Introduction

Core Problems

Physiological Foundations

Walking

Looking

Reaching

Drawing and Writing

Keyboarding

Speaking and Singing

Smiling

Moving on

Filters

Exam 4: Psychological Foundations

Memory codes are

Ideo-motor theory says

Directing a great deal of attention to a task

Whereas the response chaining theory of sequencing says that feedback from one response triggers the next response or a later response), the element-to-position theory of sequencing says that

The hierarchical theory of sequencing provides a basis for explaining which phenomenon that the response chaining theory, element-to-position theory, and inter-element inhibition theory do not?

Buffers hold information

According to the Power Law of Learning,

According to the inter-element inhibition theory of sequencing

The response chaining theory of sequencing has the following problem or problems

Based on Nikolai Bernstein's views of skill acquisition, one would expect

Which phenomenon is best predicted by the closed-loop theory of skill learning?

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences ___________ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences ____________ as the sequences lengthen

A skilled tennis player who has never skated will probably learn to play squash a tennis-like sport) more quickly than a skilled skater who has never played tennis. This outcome is predicted by the theory of

According to the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis

Plans or motor programs may be continually edited to enable forthcoming movement sequences. The best source of evidence for this hypothesis is that

People indicate their first awareness of an intention to carry out a voluntary action

According to Fitts 1964, skill learning generally proceeds in which order?

Mental imagery can contribute to skill acquisition. This outcome is best accounted for with

A patient whose left and right hippocampus were surgically removed

Introduction

Core Problems

Physiological Foundations

Walking

Looking

Reaching

Drawing and Writing

Keyboarding

Speaking and Singing

Smiling

Moving on

Filters

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___.

When people generate brief, highly prepared movement sequences the times to begin the sequences _ as the sequences lengthen, and the times between the movements within the sequences __ as the sequences lengthen