Question 1

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity - crossword puzzle completion 
B)  delay of gratification - choosing to wait for a larger reward 
C)  verbal intelligence - vocabulary 
D)  short-term memory - recall of nonsense syllables 
A)  creativity - crossword puzzle completion 
B)  delay of gratification - choosing to wait for a larger reward 
C)  verbal intelligence - vocabulary 
D)  short-term memory - recall of nonsense syllables

Question 2

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

Accepted Answer

A)  the child will only be an average student in school 
B)  the student will perform at a level in school that is about 15% higher than others 
C)  the IQ test is a good measure of intellect 
D)  the person has a higher IQ than someone who scores 95 
A)  the child will only be an average student in school 
B)  the student will perform at a level in school that is about 15% higher than others 
C)  the IQ test is a good measure of intellect 
D)  the person has a higher IQ than someone who scores 95

Question 3

Define reliability and explain why it is important for behavioral measures to be reliable.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency an

Question 4

In a normal distribution, what (approximate) percentage of scores likely fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  68% 
C)  75% 
D)  95% 
A)  50% 
B)  68% 
C)  75% 
D)  95%

Question 5

A Type I error occurs when the researcher

Accepted Answer

A)  rejects Ho, but Ho is true 
B)  rejects Ho, but Ho is false 
C)  fails to reject Ho, but Ho is true 
D)  fails to reject Ho, but Ho is false 
A)  rejects Ho, but Ho is true 
B)  rejects Ho, but Ho is false 
C)  fails to reject Ho, but Ho is true 
D)  fails to reject Ho, but Ho is false

Question 6

Distinguish between a mean and a median and explain when it is better to use the latter rather than the former.

Accepted Answer

A mean and a median are both measures of

Question 7

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the chances of rejecting the false null hypothesis 
B)  the chances of rejecting a true null hypothesis 
C)  the chances of rejecting any null hypothesis 
D)  whether the analysis involves descriptive or inferential statistics (inferential are more powerful) 
A)  the chances of rejecting the false null hypothesis 
B)  the chances of rejecting a true null hypothesis 
C)  the chances of rejecting any null hypothesis 
D)  whether the analysis involves descriptive or inferential statistics (inferential are more powerful)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  entering arm #3 of a radial maze 
B)  using fingers when adding 
C)  social effectiveness 
D)  naming letters 
A)  entering arm #3 of a radial maze 
B)  using fingers when adding 
C)  social effectiveness 
D)  naming letters

Question 9

There are an equal number of scores that are both higher and lower than the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are an equal number of scores...

Question 10

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction time 
B)  number of errors in maze running 
C)  Grade Point Average (GP
A)  
D)  number of words recalled on a memory test 
A)  reaction time 
B)  number of errors in maze running 
C)  Grade Point Average (GP
A)  
D)  number of words recalled on a memory test

Question 11

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true 
B)  the wild rats outperform the lab rats in the study 
C)  no difference is found in the study, but wild rats are in truth better maze learners 
D)  lab rats learn faster in the study, but in truth there is no difference 
A)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true 
B)  the wild rats outperform the lab rats in the study 
C)  no difference is found in the study, but wild rats are in truth better maze learners 
D)  lab rats learn faster in the study, but in truth there is no difference

Question 12

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  the standard deviation will be 14-10, or 4 
B)  you can be 95% sure that 12 is the population mean 
C)  in order for the mean to be significantly different fro some other mean, the scores producing the other mean cannot be between 10 and 14 
D)  you can be quite sure that the population mean falls somewhere between 10 and 14 
A)  the standard deviation will be 14-10, or 4 
B)  you can be 95% sure that 12 is the population mean 
C)  in order for the mean to be significantly different fro some other mean, the scores producing the other mean cannot be between 10 and 14 
D)  you can be quite sure that the population mean falls somewhere between 10 and 14

Question 13

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is never established in a single study 
B)  it is concerned with the question of whether the construct being measured is a meaningful construct 
C)  it is concerned with the question of whether a tool developed to measure a construct is the best one available 
D)  all of the above 
A)  it is never established in a single study 
B)  it is concerned with the question of whether the construct being measured is a meaningful construct 
C)  it is concerned with the question of whether a tool developed to measure a construct is the best one available 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 15

When doing an inferential analysis, the researcher hopes to find a large amount of ________ variance and a small amount of _________ variance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When doing an inferential analysis, the researcher...

Question 16

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds) spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

Accepted Answer

A)  12, 10, 7, 11 
B)  6, 6, 6, 6 
C)  10, 6, 10, 6 
D)  10, 8, 6, 4 
A)  12, 10, 7, 11 
B)  6, 6, 6, 6 
C)  10, 6, 10, 6 
D)  10, 8, 6, 4

Question 17

In the study by Korn, Davis, and Davis, it was determined that department chairs rated B. F. Skinner higher on their "all time" list than historians did. The study featured a(n) _______ scale of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 18

Which of the following is true about Type II errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability of one occurring is equal to the alpha level 
B)  they cannot occur if the statistical test is powerful enough 
C)  they occur when a true effect exists, but we fail to discover it in our study 
D)  they occur when we reject the null hypothesis, when we really should not do so 
A)  the probability of one occurring is equal to the alpha level 
B)  they cannot occur if the statistical test is powerful enough 
C)  they occur when a true effect exists, but we fail to discover it in our study 
D)  they occur when we reject the null hypothesis, when we really should not do so

Question 19

Null hypothesis significance testing answers the question ________, while an effect size analysis answers the question ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  how much of an effect did one factor have on another?; is the difference significant? 
B)  is the difference significant?; how much of an effect did one factor have on another? 
C)  can we reject Ho; is the sample large enough? 
D)  have we made a Type I error?; have we made a Type II error? 
A)  how much of an effect did one factor have on another?; is the difference significant? 
B)  is the difference significant?; how much of an effect did one factor have on another? 
C)  can we reject Ho; is the sample large enough? 
D)  have we made a Type I error?; have we made a Type II error?

Question 20

Consider the experiment on multiple choice answer changing. What measurement scale was used in reporting the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

Define reliability and explain why it is important for behavioral measures to be reliable.

In a normal distribution, what (approximate) percentage of scores likely fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

A Type I error occurs when the researcher

Distinguish between a mean and a median and explain when it is better to use the latter rather than the former.

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

Which of the following is an example of a construct?

There are an equal number of scores that are both higher and lower than the _______.

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

When doing an inferential analysis, the researcher hopes to find a large amount of variance and a small amount of _ variance.

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds) spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

In the study by Korn, Davis, and Davis, it was determined that department chairs rated B. F. Skinner higher on their "all time" list than historians did. The study featured a(n) _______ scale of measurement.

Which of the following is true about Type II errors?

Null hypothesis significance testing answers the question , while an effect size analysis answers the question .

Consider the experiment on multiple choice answer changing. What measurement scale was used in reporting the results of this study?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 4: Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

Define reliability and explain why it is important for behavioral measures to be reliable.

In a normal distribution, what (approximate) percentage of scores likely fall within one standard deviation of the mean?

A Type I error occurs when the researcher

Distinguish between a mean and a median and explain when it is better to use the latter rather than the former.

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

Which of the following is an example of a construct?

There are an equal number of scores that are both higher and lower than the _______.

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

When doing an inferential analysis, the researcher hopes to find a large amount of ________ variance and a small amount of _________ variance.

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds) spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

In the study by Korn, Davis, and Davis, it was determined that department chairs rated B. F. Skinner higher on their "all time" list than historians did. The study featured a(n) _______ scale of measurement.

Which of the following is true about Type II errors?

Null hypothesis significance testing answers the question ________, while an effect size analysis answers the question ________.

Consider the experiment on multiple choice answer changing. What measurement scale was used in reporting the results of this study?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

When doing an inferential analysis, the researcher hopes to find a large amount of variance and a small amount of _ variance.

Null hypothesis significance testing answers the question , while an effect size analysis answers the question .