Question 1

When pairs of scores come from different individuals, a specific type of correlations are used, referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

intraclass

Question 2

In a(n) __________ study, there is a criterion variable and several predictor variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a(n) __________ study, there is a...

Question 3

A researcher discovers a correlation of +.87 between study time and GPA. What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  if you study a lot, your GPA will go up 
B)  if you have a high GPA, you will be forced to study more to keep up 
C)  students who study a lot tend to have higher GPAs than those who don't study much 
D)  the underlying cause of the correlation is native intelligence 
A)  if you study a lot, your GPA will go up 
B)  if you have a high GPA, you will be forced to study more to keep up 
C)  students who study a lot tend to have higher GPAs than those who don't study much 
D)  the underlying cause of the correlation is native intelligence

Question 4

A study using a ________ helps to solve the third variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-lagged panel correlation 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  multiple regression 
D)  factor analysis 
A)  cross-lagged panel correlation 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  multiple regression 
D)  factor analysis

Question 5

A researcher believes that anxiety disorders in children can be predicted by a combination of several variables: shyness in preschool, mother dominance, and father absence. This study will use which procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple regression 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  factor analysis 
D)  bivariate correlations 
A)  multiple regression 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  factor analysis 
D)  bivariate correlations

Question 6

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach identified correlational psychology with

Accepted Answer

A)  a desire to control individual differences, in order to discover general laws of behavior 
B)  a desire to investigate relationships between naturally-occurring variables 
C)  an attempt to identify general laws that apply to everyone 
D)  experimental psychology; he did not believe that experimental and correlational research were truly different 
A)  a desire to control individual differences, in order to discover general laws of behavior 
B)  a desire to investigate relationships between naturally-occurring variables 
C)  an attempt to identify general laws that apply to everyone 
D)  experimental psychology; he did not believe that experimental and correlational research were truly different

Question 7

Explain why causal conclusions can be drawn from experimental but not from correlational studies. Be sure to work "directionality" and "third variable" into your answer.

Accepted Answer

Causal conclusions can be drawn from exp

Question 8

Researchers evaluating the K•ABC intelligence test calculated the correlation between odd-numbered items in a subtest and even-numbered items. They were trying to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  split-half reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  face validity 
A)  split-half reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  face validity

Question 9

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach expressed concern that

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational psychology held secondary status among researchers 
B)  psychologists were relying too heavily on correlational techniques 
C)  researchers were abandoning the laboratory for clinical practice 
D)  psychologists no longer thought of their discipline as scientific 
A)  correlational psychology held secondary status among researchers 
B)  psychologists were relying too heavily on correlational techniques 
C)  researchers were abandoning the laboratory for clinical practice 
D)  psychologists no longer thought of their discipline as scientific

Question 10

Suppose the correlation between IQ at age 5 and elementary school performance is +.4, and the correlation between SAT performance and college grades is +.3. The difference in these relationships is most likely due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the second one is nonlinear 
B)  the second one has a more restricted range of scores 
C)  elementary school performance is probably an unreliable measure 
D)  intelligence declines slightly with age 
A)  the second one is nonlinear 
B)  the second one has a more restricted range of scores 
C)  elementary school performance is probably an unreliable measure 
D)  intelligence declines slightly with age

Question 11

A regression line for a correlation of +1.00 would

Accepted Answer

A)  be parallel to the X-axis 
B)  be parallel to the Y-axis 
C)  higher for low values on the X-axis than for high values on the X-axis 
D)  higher for high values on the X-axis than for low values on the X-axis 
A)  be parallel to the X-axis 
B)  be parallel to the Y-axis 
C)  higher for low values on the X-axis than for high values on the X-axis 
D)  higher for high values on the X-axis than for low values on the X-axis

Question 12

Describe the third variable problem and explain how it is addressed by a partial correlation procedure.

Accepted Answer

The third variable problem refers to the

Question 13

Use Eron's study on TV violence and aggression to show how both the directionality problem and the third variable problem can be solved.

Accepted Answer

Eron's study on TV violence and aggressi

Question 14

If a researcher is trying to predict college grades, knowing high school grades, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the predictor variable will be college grades 
B)  the criterion variable will be high school grades 
C)  the prediction will be poorer if only the top 20% of high school students are used than if they are all used 
D)  multiple regression rather than bivariate regression must be used 
A)  the predictor variable will be college grades 
B)  the criterion variable will be high school grades 
C)  the prediction will be poorer if only the top 20% of high school students are used than if they are all used 
D)  multiple regression rather than bivariate regression must be used

Question 15

45.	In their cross-lagged panel correlational study, Eron and his colleagues found that

Accepted Answer

A) 	third grade aggressiveness predicted a later preference for viewing violence 
B) 	third grade preference for viewing violence predicted later aggressive behavior 
C) 	those who were aggressive in the third grade tended not to be aggressive in the
I.	“thirteenth” grade 
D) 	third grade preference for viewing violence was unrelated to third grade
I.	aggressiveness 
A) 	third grade aggressiveness predicted a later preference for viewing violence 
B) 	third grade preference for viewing violence predicted later aggressive behavior 
C) 	those who were aggressive in the third grade tended not to be aggressive in the
I.	“thirteenth” grade 
D) 	third grade preference for viewing violence was unrelated to third grade
I.	aggressiveness

Question 16

In a bivariate correlation, A could be the cause of B, but B could be causing A. The difficulty in deciding between these alternatives is known as the _________ problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a bivariate correlation, A could be...

Question 17

Galton believed that the high correlation between the intelligence levels of parents and children proved that intelligence was inherited. This conclusion illustrates a failure to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  how correlations are calculated 
B)  the difference between statistically significant correlations and insignificant ones 
C)  the directionality problem 
D)  the third variable problem 
A)  how correlations are calculated 
B)  the difference between statistically significant correlations and insignificant ones 
C)  the directionality problem 
D)  the third variable problem

Question 18

Picture a regression line as a diagonal line running from the lower left to the top right on a scatterplot. For which of the following correlations would the points be closest to this regression line?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.90 
B)  -.30 
C)  +.40 
D)  +.70 
A)  -.90 
B)  -.30 
C)  +.40 
D)  +.70

Question 19

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  nature was more important than nurture in determining genius 
B)  nurture was more important than nature in determining genius 
C)  the environment was the major determinant of intellectual skill 
D)  tall parents would produce children even taller than they were 
A)  nature was more important than nurture in determining genius 
B)  nurture was more important than nature in determining genius 
C)  the environment was the major determinant of intellectual skill 
D)  tall parents would produce children even taller than they were

Question 20

In his 1957 APA presidential address, Cronbach identified what he called psychology's two disciplines:

Accepted Answer

A)  personality psychology and social psychology 
B)  experimental psychology and clinical psychology 
C)  experimental psychology and correlational psychology 
D)  clinical psychology and experimental psychology 
A)  personality psychology and social psychology 
B)  experimental psychology and clinical psychology 
C)  experimental psychology and correlational psychology 
D)  clinical psychology and experimental psychology

When pairs of scores come from different individuals, a specific type of correlations are used, referred to as __________.

In a(n) __________ study, there is a criterion variable and several predictor variables.

A researcher discovers a correlation of +.87 between study time and GPA. What can be concluded?

A study using a ________ helps to solve the third variable problem.

A researcher believes that anxiety disorders in children can be predicted by a combination of several variables: shyness in preschool, mother dominance, and father absence. This study will use which procedure?

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach identified correlational psychology with

Explain why causal conclusions can be drawn from experimental but not from correlational studies. Be sure to work "directionality" and "third variable" into your answer.

Researchers evaluating the K•ABC intelligence test calculated the correlation between odd-numbered items in a subtest and even-numbered items. They were trying to determine

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach expressed concern that

Suppose the correlation between IQ at age 5 and elementary school performance is +.4, and the correlation between SAT performance and college grades is +.3. The difference in these relationships is most likely due to the fact that

A regression line for a correlation of +1.00 would

Describe the third variable problem and explain how it is addressed by a partial correlation procedure.

Use Eron's study on TV violence and aggression to show how both the directionality problem and the third variable problem can be solved.

If a researcher is trying to predict college grades, knowing high school grades, then

45. In their cross-lagged panel correlational study, Eron and his colleagues found that

In a bivariate correlation, A could be the cause of B, but B could be causing A. The difficulty in deciding between these alternatives is known as the _________ problem.

Galton believed that the high correlation between the intelligence levels of parents and children proved that intelligence was inherited. This conclusion illustrates a failure to understand

Picture a regression line as a diagonal line running from the lower left to the top right on a scatterplot. For which of the following correlations would the points be closest to this regression line?

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that

In his 1957 APA presidential address, Cronbach identified what he called psychology's two disciplines:

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 9: Correlational Research

When pairs of scores come from different individuals, a specific type of correlations are used, referred to as __________.

In a(n) __________ study, there is a criterion variable and several predictor variables.

A researcher discovers a correlation of +.87 between study time and GPA. What can be concluded?

A study using a ________ helps to solve the third variable problem.

A researcher believes that anxiety disorders in children can be predicted by a combination of several variables: shyness in preschool, mother dominance, and father absence. This study will use which procedure?

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach identified correlational psychology with

Explain why causal conclusions can be drawn from experimental but not from correlational studies. Be sure to work "directionality" and "third variable" into your answer.

Researchers evaluating the K•ABC intelligence test calculated the correlation between odd-numbered items in a subtest and even-numbered items. They were trying to determine

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach expressed concern that

Suppose the correlation between IQ at age 5 and elementary school performance is +.4, and the correlation between SAT performance and college grades is +.3. The difference in these relationships is most likely due to the fact that

A regression line for a correlation of +1.00 would

Describe the third variable problem and explain how it is addressed by a partial correlation procedure.

Use Eron's study on TV violence and aggression to show how both the directionality problem and the third variable problem can be solved.

If a researcher is trying to predict college grades, knowing high school grades, then

45. In their cross-lagged panel correlational study, Eron and his colleagues found that

In a bivariate correlation, A could be the cause of B, but B could be causing A. The difficulty in deciding between these alternatives is known as the _________ problem.

Galton believed that the high correlation between the intelligence levels of parents and children proved that intelligence was inherited. This conclusion illustrates a failure to understand

Picture a regression line as a diagonal line running from the lower left to the top right on a scatterplot. For which of the following correlations would the points be closest to this regression line?

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that

In his 1957 APA presidential address, Cronbach identified what he called psychology's two disciplines:

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters