Question 1

Experiment is to quasi-experiment as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity; external validity 
B)  equivalent groups; nonequivalent groups 
C)  positive correlation; negative correlation 
D)  control group; no control group 
A)  internal validity; external validity 
B)  equivalent groups; nonequivalent groups 
C)  positive correlation; negative correlation 
D)  control group; no control group

Question 2

Campbell's "reforms as experiments" article includes a description of an evaluation of a state police crackdown on speeding in Connecticut. There were 324 fatalities in the year before the crackdown and 284 in the year after. According to Campbell, the program was partially the cause of the drop, but ______ also occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  selection 
B)  maturation 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  regression to the mean 
A)  selection 
B)  maturation 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  regression to the mean

Question 3

In Wood and Bootzin's study of nightmares following earthquakes, students living in the area of the earthquake and who experienced it were in the experimental group. The nonequivalent control group consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)  comparable students who heard of the earthquake but lived at a university far away from it 
B)  students living in the quake area who slept through it 
C)  parents of the students 
D)  comparable students who lived at a distant university and had not heard about the earthquake 
A)  comparable students who heard of the earthquake but lived at a university far away from it 
B)  students living in the quake area who slept through it 
C)  parents of the students 
D)  comparable students who lived at a distant university and had not heard about the earthquake

Question 4

Using the system developed by Campbell and Stanley, which design is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  P x E factorial design 
B)  a multiple case study 
C)  nonequivalent control group design 
D)  interrupted time series design 
A)  P x E factorial design 
B)  a multiple case study 
C)  nonequivalent control group design 
D)  interrupted time series design

Question 5

Which of the following is a problem with archival research?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is not possible to include an independent variable 
B)  there is no way to control any extraneous factors 
C)  the researcher is limited by the manner is which data were originally collected 
D)  there is a very limited amount of archival data available to researchers 
A)  it is not possible to include an independent variable 
B)  there is no way to control any extraneous factors 
C)  the researcher is limited by the manner is which data were originally collected 
D)  there is a very limited amount of archival data available to researchers

Question 6

A nonequivalent control group design usually (but not necessarily) includes

Accepted Answer

A)  pretests 
B)  random assignment 
C)  causal conclusions 
D)  a single group given pretest, then treatment, then posttest 
A)  pretests 
B)  random assignment 
C)  causal conclusions 
D)  a single group given pretest, then treatment, then posttest

Question 7

The following questions relate to this study:
Teachers in a local school district are given a test of computer literacy (0-100, with 100 being perfect). Then during the school year they have monthly in-service programs designed to improve their computer literacy. Their computer knowledge is assessed again at the end of the year. Their average pretest score is 40 and their average posttest score is 80. Teachers in a comparable school district aren't given the training, but they do get the pretest and posttest.
-This study uses a _________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed factorial design 
B)  nonequivalent control group 
C)  interrupted time series 
D)  time series with a control group 
A)  mixed factorial design 
B)  nonequivalent control group 
C)  interrupted time series 
D)  time series with a control group

Question 8

Informed consent can be a problem in program evaluation research. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  there tends to be a high rate of attrition in this research 
B)  powerless clients might believe that a failure to give consent would have adverse consequences for them 
C)  most subjects in these studies are under the age of 18 
D)  subjects often cannot be reached before the study begins 
A)  there tends to be a high rate of attrition in this research 
B)  powerless clients might believe that a failure to give consent would have adverse consequences for them 
C)  most subjects in these studies are under the age of 18 
D)  subjects often cannot be reached before the study begins

Question 9

Consider the methodological principles you have learned about so far. The Hollingworth's Coca-Cola study incorporating several of these principles. Which of the following did they not use in their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  a factorial design 
B)  a double blind 
C)  a placebo control condition 
D)  counterbalancing 
A)  a factorial design 
B)  a double blind 
C)  a placebo control condition 
D)  counterbalancing

Question 10

In a study comparing two nonequivalent groups, a selection by history confound occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  some event intervenes between pretest and posttest and affects just one of the groups 
B)  some event intervenes between pretest and posttest and affects both selected groups equally 
C)  selection influences one of the groups and history influences the other 
D)  some historical event causes a failure of the random assignment procedure 
A)  some event intervenes between pretest and posttest and affects just one of the groups 
B)  some event intervenes between pretest and posttest and affects both selected groups equally 
C)  selection influences one of the groups and history influences the other 
D)  some historical event causes a failure of the random assignment procedure

Question 11

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems except

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias 
B)  nonrepresentative information 
C)  subject reactivity 
D)  missing data 
A)  experimenter bias 
B)  nonrepresentative information 
C)  subject reactivity 
D)  missing data

Question 12

What is involved in a typical cost-effectiveness analysis and how does this type of analysis affect program assessment?

Accepted Answer

A typical cost-effectiveness analysis in

Question 13

The time series study on California's "three strikes and you're out" program to reduce crime used which of the following variations on the basic time series design?

Accepted Answer

A)  the researchers added an "interruption" to the sequence of events 
B)  the researchers added a switching replication, comparing California with another state that implemented the program 6 months after California 
C)  the researchers added a control group, comparing California with Texas 
D)  the researchers added a second dependent variable, comparing felonies with misdemeanors 
A)  the researchers added an "interruption" to the sequence of events 
B)  the researchers added a switching replication, comparing California with another state that implemented the program 6 months after California 
C)  the researchers added a control group, comparing California with Texas 
D)  the researchers added a second dependent variable, comparing felonies with misdemeanors

Experiment is to quasi-experiment as _ is to _.

In Wood and Bootzin's study of nightmares following earthquakes, students living in the area of the earthquake and who experienced it were in the experimental group. The nonequivalent control group consisted of

Using the system developed by Campbell and Stanley, which design is this?

Which of the following is a problem with archival research?

A nonequivalent control group design usually (but not necessarily) includes

Informed consent can be a problem in program evaluation research. Why?

Consider the methodological principles you have learned about so far. The Hollingworth's Coca-Cola study incorporating several of these principles. Which of the following did they not use in their study?

In a study comparing two nonequivalent groups, a selection by history confound occurs when

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems except

What is involved in a typical cost-effectiveness analysis and how does this type of analysis affect program assessment?

The time series study on California's "three strikes and you're out" program to reduce crime used which of the following variations on the basic time series design?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Experiment is to quasi-experiment as _____ is to _____.

In Wood and Bootzin's study of nightmares following earthquakes, students living in the area of the earthquake and who experienced it were in the experimental group. The nonequivalent control group consisted of

Using the system developed by Campbell and Stanley, which design is this?

Which of the following is a problem with archival research?

A nonequivalent control group design usually (but not necessarily) includes

Informed consent can be a problem in program evaluation research. Why?

Consider the methodological principles you have learned about so far. The Hollingworth's Coca-Cola study incorporating several of these principles. Which of the following did they not use in their study?

In a study comparing two nonequivalent groups, a selection by history confound occurs when

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems except

What is involved in a typical cost-effectiveness analysis and how does this type of analysis affect program assessment?

The time series study on California's "three strikes and you're out" program to reduce crime used which of the following variations on the basic time series design?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Experiment is to quasi-experiment as _ is to _.