Exam 5: Crime and Violence

Contrast the functionalist,conflict,and interactionist approaches to explaining crime.Select one specific theory within one of these and describe it in some detail.

Conflict theorists believe that crime is caused by __________.

Cesare Lombroso is known for his conceptualization of criminal atavism,which means that criminals __________.

Harm reduction and juvenile diversion are new crime control strategies being adopted in the United States and Canada.Discuss the features of these strategies.Do you think they will be effective? Give reasons for your answer.

The rate of weapons-related homicide has decreased recently,largely because of a decline in __________,but also because of the waning of the crack epidemic.

Arrest rates for men are higher than for women.The best explanation for this lies in __________.

How did deregulation and lax enforcement contribute to the Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme?

In an exhaustive study of hate crimes,the FBI concluded that 61 percent were based on race,13 percent on sexual orientation,and another _______ percent were based on ethnicity or national origin.

In major cities like Chicago and Los Angeles,street gangs,made up largely of teenagers and young adults,account for __________ of all homicides.

The text points out that crime remains a major concern of Americans,but citizens are beginning to question certain recent policies.Which of the following is NOT one of those policies?

Violent personal crimes often involves offenders and victims who are known to,or acquainted with,each other.__________ is the EXCEPTION to this pattern.

For its success,organized crime depends upon __________.

According to the text,the nature of the __________ itself is a major hindrance to rehabilitative efforts.

In 2009,about 10 million violent and property crimes were committed in the United States.Of these,only about __________ percent were "cleared" by arrests.

William Chambliss studied how the biases of police and community members affected their reactions to and treatment of middle- and lower-class delinquents,and how the behavior and appearance of the delinquents themselves determined what kind of treatment they received.The two groups of adolescents under investigation were called the "__________" and the "__________."

__________ law deals with noncriminal acts in which one individual injures another.

Organized crime is an important part of American society.Why does organized crime exist and persist in the United States?

Donald Cressey's classic study of embezzlers,Other People's Money,found that,in addition to a financial problem,other conditions had to be present for the person to embezzle.These are __________.

Official arrest rate data show that lower socioeconomic status group members are more likely to be involved in crimes.The chief reason for this appears to be that __________.

Gender differences and age differences are found in arrests for crime.What are these and why do they exist? What recent trends are observable?