Question 1

A chunk is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a richer,more complex,unit of information 
B) the information-processing bottleneck 
C) related to the single-channel hypothesis 
D) semantic bifurcation 
A) a richer,more complex,unit of information 
B) the information-processing bottleneck 
C) related to the single-channel hypothesis 
D) semantic bifurcation

Question 2

Warrington & Shallice report a patient with a grossly defective STS (a digit span of two).This patient __________.

Accepted Answer

A) had normal performance on the Brown-Peterson task 
B) had reasonable learning,memory,and comprehension 
C) had profound retrograde amnesia 
D) had no ability to store new long-term memories 
A) had normal performance on the Brown-Peterson task 
B) had reasonable learning,memory,and comprehension 
C) had profound retrograde amnesia 
D) had no ability to store new long-term memories

Question 3

High-span people show more interference on the Brown-Peterson task than do low-span people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When do high and low memory span subjects NOT show equivalent amounts of Stroop interference?

Accepted Answer

A) when the word color and word spelling are 100 percent incongruent 
B) when the word color and word spelling are 50 percent incongruent 
C) when the word color and word spelling are 20 percent incongruent 
D) In all of the above conditions,high-span subjects show less interference. 
A) when the word color and word spelling are 100 percent incongruent 
B) when the word color and word spelling are 50 percent incongruent 
C) when the word color and word spelling are 20 percent incongruent 
D) In all of the above conditions,high-span subjects show less interference.

Question 5

Performance on the Brown-Peterson task is generally very good on the first few trials,but then begins to rapidly decay across the continued trials.This illustrates __________.

Accepted Answer

A) proactive interference 
B) decay 
C) mnemonic failure 
D) interference theory 
A) proactive interference 
B) decay 
C) mnemonic failure 
D) interference theory

Question 6

The cost to memory because of previously encountered information is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) proactive interference 
B) retroactive interference 
C) mnemonic failure 
D) interference theory 
A) proactive interference 
B) retroactive interference 
C) mnemonic failure 
D) interference theory

Question 7

Which is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) High-span people are more able to flexibly allocate their attention across the visual display. 
B) High-span people can "resist" orienting towards the onset of a visual cue more successfully than can low-span subjects. 
C) High-span people have less difficulty switching from the anti-saccade task to the pro-saccade task. 
D) Working memory span is not related to the suppression or inhibition of attention. 
A) High-span people are more able to flexibly allocate their attention across the visual display. 
B) High-span people can "resist" orienting towards the onset of a visual cue more successfully than can low-span subjects. 
C) High-span people have less difficulty switching from the anti-saccade task to the pro-saccade task. 
D) Working memory span is not related to the suppression or inhibition of attention.

Question 8

Serial recall is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a recall task in which people must recall the list items in their original order of presentation 
B) the elevation of recall at the early positions of the list in a recall task 
C) the memory task in which the list items may be recalled in any order,regardless of their order of presentation 
D) the component of short-term memory that holds information currently being rehearsed 
A) a recall task in which people must recall the list items in their original order of presentation 
B) the elevation of recall at the early positions of the list in a recall task 
C) the memory task in which the list items may be recalled in any order,regardless of their order of presentation 
D) the component of short-term memory that holds information currently being rehearsed

Question 9

Baddeley & Hitch (1974)report an experiment in which participants were to perform a reasoning task of various difficulty ("A precedes B" T/F? "B does not precede A" T/F? etc.).In addition to this primary task they were to repeat "the the the," repeatedly count from 1 to 6,or repeat a set of random digits.Performance was compared against single-task performance.

Accepted Answer

A) The dual-task demands affected each difficulty condition equally. 
B) The dual-task demands of the verbal task did not affect reasoning performance. 
C) The dual-task demands were particularly pronounced for the negative passive condition. 
D) The dual-task demands were particularly pronounced when the second task was the random digit task,especially in the negative passive condition. 
A) The dual-task demands affected each difficulty condition equally. 
B) The dual-task demands of the verbal task did not affect reasoning performance. 
C) The dual-task demands were particularly pronounced for the negative passive condition. 
D) The dual-task demands were particularly pronounced when the second task was the random digit task,especially in the negative passive condition.

Question 10

"WM = STM + controlled attention" Whose equation is this?

Accepted Answer

A) Baddeley 
B) Sternberg 
C) Engle 
D) Jonides 
A) Baddeley 
B) Sternberg 
C) Engle 
D) Jonides

Question 11

In mental rotation,response speed is a function of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) the plane of rotation 
B) the angle of rotation 
C) psychophysical principles 
D) exogenous cues 
A) the plane of rotation 
B) the angle of rotation 
C) psychophysical principles 
D) exogenous cues

Question 12

The decrease in performance for items at end of a list when a person encountered extra-list material after the list has been presented is referred to as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) primacy effect 
B) suffix effect 
C) rehearsal effect 
D) recency effect 
A) primacy effect 
B) suffix effect 
C) rehearsal effect 
D) recency effect

Question 13

The four major components of Baddeley's working memory model are ______________,_____________,______________,and ______________.

Accepted Answer

(CENTRAL EXECUTIVE;

Question 14

Which describes how Engle investigated working memory span?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 9 7 6 4 3 - "What were the numbers?" 
B) 1 9 7 6 4 3 2 1 5 8 3 2 7 5 4 8 - "The answer is 'four.'" 
C) Brooks F dual-task procedure 
D) My family worked on the farm.CUP I was tired so I went to sleep.BLUE - "CUP BLUE" 
A) 1 9 7 6 4 3 - "What were the numbers?" 
B) 1 9 7 6 4 3 2 1 5 8 3 2 7 5 4 8 - "The answer is 'four.'" 
C) Brooks F dual-task procedure 
D) My family worked on the farm.CUP I was tired so I went to sleep.BLUE - "CUP BLUE"

Question 15

Proactive interference is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a cost in the ability to remember due to memories of prior events 
B) A cost in the ability to remember due to memories of more recent events 
C) trouble a person has in recalling items as they get further along in a list 
D) trouble a person has in recalling items for items early on in a list 
A) a cost in the ability to remember due to memories of prior events 
B) A cost in the ability to remember due to memories of more recent events 
C) trouble a person has in recalling items as they get further along in a list 
D) trouble a person has in recalling items for items early on in a list

Question 16

What parts of the brain are implicated in working memory operation?

Accepted Answer

Working memory, which is the ability to

Question 17

At this point,it seems that the most likely explanation for forgetting in short-term memory is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) decay 
B) interference 
C) suppression 
D) failure 
A) decay 
B) interference 
C) suppression 
D) failure

Question 18

Diagram a schematic of the process model Sternberg proposed for his version of the Sternberg search task.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg proposed a process model for h

Question 19

Working memory span test scores are correlated with intelligence scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Logical reasoning is one of those rare cases in which cognitive performance is unaffected by working memory span.
Fill in the Blank/Short

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A chunk is __________.

Warrington & Shallice report a patient with a grossly defective STS (a digit span of two).This patient __________.

High-span people show more interference on the Brown-Peterson task than do low-span people.

When do high and low memory span subjects NOT show equivalent amounts of Stroop interference?

Performance on the Brown-Peterson task is generally very good on the first few trials,but then begins to rapidly decay across the continued trials.This illustrates __________.

The cost to memory because of previously encountered information is called __________.

Which is NOT true?

Serial recall is __________.

"WM = STM + controlled attention" Whose equation is this?

In mental rotation,response speed is a function of __________.

The decrease in performance for items at end of a list when a person encountered extra-list material after the list has been presented is referred to as the __________.

The four major components of Baddeley's working memory model are ________,_,,and ______.

Which describes how Engle investigated working memory span?

Proactive interference is __________.

What parts of the brain are implicated in working memory operation?

At this point,it seems that the most likely explanation for forgetting in short-term memory is __________.

Diagram a schematic of the process model Sternberg proposed for his version of the Sternberg search task.

Working memory span test scores are correlated with intelligence scores.

Logical reasoning is one of those rare cases in which cognitive performance is unaffected by working memory span. Fill in the Blank/Short

Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction

Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

Sensation and Perception

Attention

Learning and Remembering

Knowing

Using Knowledge in the Real World

Language

Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language

Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

Problem Solving

Cognition and Emotion

Cognitive Development

Filters

Exam 5: Short-Term Working Memory

A chunk is __________.

Warrington & Shallice report a patient with a grossly defective STS (a digit span of two).This patient __________.

High-span people show more interference on the Brown-Peterson task than do low-span people.

When do high and low memory span subjects NOT show equivalent amounts of Stroop interference?

Performance on the Brown-Peterson task is generally very good on the first few trials,but then begins to rapidly decay across the continued trials.This illustrates __________.

The cost to memory because of previously encountered information is called __________.

Which is NOT true?

Serial recall is __________.

"WM = STM + controlled attention" Whose equation is this?

In mental rotation,response speed is a function of __________.

The decrease in performance for items at end of a list when a person encountered extra-list material after the list has been presented is referred to as the __________.

The four major components of Baddeley's working memory model are ______________,_____________,______________,and ______________.

Which describes how Engle investigated working memory span?

Proactive interference is __________.

What parts of the brain are implicated in working memory operation?

At this point,it seems that the most likely explanation for forgetting in short-term memory is __________.

Diagram a schematic of the process model Sternberg proposed for his version of the Sternberg search task.

Working memory span test scores are correlated with intelligence scores.

Logical reasoning is one of those rare cases in which cognitive performance is unaffected by working memory span. Fill in the Blank/Short

Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction

Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science

Sensation and Perception

Attention

Learning and Remembering

Knowing

Using Knowledge in the Real World

Language

Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language

Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning

Problem Solving

Cognition and Emotion

Cognitive Development

Filters

The four major components of Baddeley's working memory model are ________,_,,and ______.