Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B)  If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C)  The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route by which it enters our bodies. 
D)  None of these statements are true. 
A)  If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B)  If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C)  The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route by which it enters our bodies. 
D)  None of these statements are true.

Question 2

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects 
B)  lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support 
C)  extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans 
D)  lack of planning; the involvement of politics 
A)  use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects 
B)  lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support 
C)  extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans 
D)  lack of planning; the involvement of politics

Question 3

An allergen

Accepted Answer

A)  is a toxic substance. 
B)  is a natural pathogen. 
C)  over-stimulates the immune system. 
D)  attacks the nervous system. 
A)  is a toxic substance. 
B)  is a natural pathogen. 
C)  over-stimulates the immune system. 
D)  attacks the nervous system.

Question 4

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific data. 
B)  whimsical preference devoid of logic. 
C)  logical reasoning about relative risks. 
D)  personal biases and preferences as well as logic. 
E)  statistical probabilities. 
A)  scientific data. 
B)  whimsical preference devoid of logic. 
C)  logical reasoning about relative risks. 
D)  personal biases and preferences as well as logic. 
E)  statistical probabilities.

Question 5

Based on what you know of risk assessment, which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby).

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy. 
B)  Most people do not understand the concepts of probability. 
C)  News media can give a biased view of hazards. 
D)  People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood. 
E)  People recognize the risk of man-made objects but not those of natural (tobacco) objects. 
A)  People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy. 
B)  Most people do not understand the concepts of probability. 
C)  News media can give a biased view of hazards. 
D)  People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood. 
E)  People recognize the risk of man-made objects but not those of natural (tobacco) objects.

Question 6

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  1000 
C)  10,000 
D)  100,000 
E)  1 million 
A)  100 
B)  1000 
C)  10,000 
D)  100,000 
E)  1 million

Question 7

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical 
B)  mental and physical 
C)  social and mental 
D)  physical, mental, and social 
E)  physical and social 
A)  physical 
B)  mental and physical 
C)  social and mental 
D)  physical, mental, and social 
E)  physical and social

Question 8

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  solubility. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  persistence. 
D)  toxicity. 
E)  dose. 
A)  solubility. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  persistence. 
D)  toxicity. 
E)  dose.

Question 9

As a society, we usually focus money and attention on health risks that are

Accepted Answer

A)  most serious. 
B)  easiest to clean up. 
C)  most well publicized and frightening. 
D)  easiest to research. 
A)  most serious. 
B)  easiest to clean up. 
C)  most well publicized and frightening. 
D)  easiest to research.

Question 10

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  react with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B)  are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C)  are usually of concern at all concentrations; are dangerous substances 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  react with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B)  are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C)  are usually of concern at all concentrations; are dangerous substances 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 11

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola fever are examples of emergent diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects. 
B)  Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects. 
C)  Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting. 
D)  Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time. 
A)  Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects. 
B)  Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects. 
C)  Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting. 
D)  Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time.

Question 13

A chemical that causes abnormalities in a growing fetus is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  teratogen. 
B)  mutagen. 
C)  carcinogen. 
D)  endocrine disruptor. 
A)  teratogen. 
B)  mutagen. 
C)  carcinogen. 
D)  endocrine disruptor.

Which of the following statements is true?

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _____ and _.

An allergen

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Based on what you know of risk assessment, which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby).

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

As a society, we usually focus money and attention on health risks that are

Hazardous substances while toxins are .

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola fever are examples of emergent diseases.

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

A chemical that causes abnormalities in a growing fetus is called a(n)

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Which of the following statements is true?

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

An allergen

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Based on what you know of risk assessment, which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby).

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

As a society, we usually focus money and attention on health risks that are

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and Ebola fever are examples of emergent diseases.

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

A chemical that causes abnormalities in a growing fetus is called a(n)

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _____ and _.

Hazardous substances while toxins are .