Exam 6: Interspecific Competition

According to the text,which of the following predictions of a community structured by interspecific competition has not been tested using the null model analysis approach?

For any given species,there is a _______,which describes the niche that occurs under normal circumstances of interspecific competition within a community and typically differs from the hypothetical ______,which describes the niche that the species would inhabit if interspecific competition was removed.

Species competing but coexisting by utilizing slightly different resources is thought of as ______

You determine that two species of birds coexist in the same tree,but that they have different feeding behaviors that prevents them from competing with one another for resources.One bird species feeds on insects found in the bark of this tree,while the other bird species feeds on insects at the branch tips.One explanation of your observation could be that:

Niche differentiation can be the result of:

The Dolly Varden char is found at higher altitudes than another fish species,the white-spotted char.One reason this occurs is because

Four species of ants that coexist in Kenya all occupy Acacia trees.Species battle for the occupation of trees and must colonize or recolonize sites as they become available.How is it possible that these four species overlap?

Competing species can coexist when both species are provided with a i)realized niche,ii)fundamental niche,iii)guild,iv)competitor,v)overlap in resource utilization

Null models seek to compare real communities to "neutral" or null communities by omitting _____ ?

Woodpeckers are known for their conspicuously loud pecking of trees,which is a necessary foraging behavior.Unlike many other birds,nearly all woodpeckers use the same foraging technique of pecking into the trunk of a tree to acquire food (often insects that inhabit the tree).Although woodpeckers use the same foraging technique,certain species prefer to forage at different heights in the same species of tree based on the size of the woodpecker species.Which of the following ecological terms best describes this practice?

Why is it impossible to "prove" an evolutionary effect of interspecific competition?

Which of the following is a common misconception regarding the Competitive Exclusion Principle?

In the Lotka-Volterra Model,there are numerous factors that determine the populations of the two competing species.If we were to graph the zero isoclines of two competing species,such as the baboon and cheetah,then we can learn how each population's size will be affected under certain ecological circumstances.Using the notation for the model from the text,what would happen to the population of baboons (species 1)and cheetahs (species 2)if K₂ > K₁ α₂₁ and K₂α₁₂<K₁?

Which of the following is an aspect of a species that would not show evolutionary evidence of past interspecific competition with another species?

Competing species often coexist at one spatial scale but are found to have distinct distributions at a finer scale of resolution.The Dolly Varden charr and the white-spotted charr are competing species.These two fish species coexist in the same stream,but at a finer scale

The breeding sites of Virginia's warbler and orange-crowned warblers overlap in central Arizona.When one species was experimentally removed,the remaining species fledged greater percentages of young per nest.The experimental removal of one species indicates that

Four warbler species co-occur on the Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Corsica.The four species' diets overlap,they each look similar,and they all utilize similar habitat.Upon closer investigation it appears that each species differentially uses zones within the habitat to forage.These species

The gecko,Lepidodactylus lugubris is outcompeted by an introduced species of gecko,Hemidactylus frenatus.This is because

At a spatial scale of approximately 10mm in radius,the grass species Aira praecox was found to be _______ with another grass,Erodium cicutarium.As a result A.praecox tended to occur in small single-species clumps making it less likely to experience competition from E.cicutarium.

______is when individuals of one species suffer a reduction in fecundity,survivorship,or growth as a result of exploitation or resources or interference by individuals of another species.