Exam 1: Introduction to Statistics

A rating scale measurement from 1 (completely disagree)to 7 (completely agree)is an example of continuous,qualitative data.

A researcher observes the number of tasks completed by male and female participants during a multitasking observation period.In this example,sex (male,female)is the quasi-independent variable.

Categorical data are one example of discrete data.

Researcher A measures academic preparedness as the percent correct responses on an entrance exam;Researcher B measures academic preparedness as the current class rank of students.Which researcher measured academic preparedness as discrete data?

Three research methods common to research in the behavioral sciences are

________ refer(s)to how the properties of numbers can change with different uses.

Descriptive statistics is a branch of mathematics used to make inferences about populations given samples of data.

Descriptive statistics are procedures used to

A professor measures the number of review sessions attended per week and GPA in a sample of college freshmen and concludes that increased attendance for review sessions is related to higher grades.This research design is an example of an experimental design.

A psychologist reviews her notes for all her patients and determines that on average her patients complete therapy in 24 days.The average time to complete therapy among all her patients is called a(n)

________ is the variable that is believed to change in the presence of the independent variable.

The size of a reward (in grams)is an example of continuous,quantitative data.

A student's letter grade (A,B,C,D,F)is a nominal scale measurement.

Descriptive statistics are typically presented graphically,in tabular form (in tables),or as summary statistics (single values).

The procedure of converting a categorical variable to numeric values,is called:

Children are randomly assigned to complete a low,moderate,or high difficulty task.The time (in seconds)it takes them to complete the task is recorded.In this example,the level of task difficulty is the dependent variable.

Recording whom students study with describes ________ types of data;whereas recording the number of hours spent studying per week describes ________ types of data.

A researcher records the number of votes for each of five candidates running for class president.Based on her presentation of the following results,what type of statistics did she use?

Children received grapefruit juice mixed with 2%,5%,or 10% sugar to test whether higher concentrations of sugar can enhance liking for the taste of grapefruit juice.In this example,the sugar mixtures are the independent variable.

Qualitative data are non-numeric data.