Question 1

Select the description below that identifies the following correlation: r = .28,p < .01.

Accepted Answer

A) the correlation is positive 
B) the correlation is statistically significant 
C) the coefficient of determination is .08 
D) all of the above 
A) the correlation is positive 
B) the correlation is statistically significant 
C) the coefficient of determination is .08 
D) all of the above

Question 2

We convert r to a t statistic for which of the following correlation tests?

Accepted Answer

A) Pearson 
B) Spearman 
C) point-biserial 
D) phi 
A) Pearson 
B) Spearman 
C) point-biserial 
D) phi

Question 3

The normality assumption states that the population of X and Y scores form a bivariate ("two variable")normal distribution,such that

Accepted Answer

A) the population of X and Y scores are normally distributed 
B) for each X score,the distribution of Y scores is normally distributed 
C) for each Y score,the distribution of X scores is normally distributed 
D) all of the above 
A) the population of X and Y scores are normally distributed 
B) for each X score,the distribution of Y scores is normally distributed 
C) for each Y score,the distribution of X scores is normally distributed 
D) all of the above

Question 4

Which of the following would not be reported for a correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) the sample size 
B) the coefficient of determination 
C) the critical values for each test 
D) the strength and direction of the correlation 
A) the sample size 
B) the coefficient of determination 
C) the critical values for each test 
D) the strength and direction of the correlation

Question 5

The correlation coefficient ranges between ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

A) 0;+1 
B) -1;0 
C) -1;+1 
D) -$\infty$;+$\infty$ 
A) 0;+1 
B) -1;0 
C) -1;+1 
D) -$\infty$;+$\infty$

Question 6

Suppose a correlation is computed in each of two samples.If the value of  
Is the same in each sample,and   Is larger in Sample 1,then in which sample will the value of the correlation coefficient be larger?

Accepted Answer

A) Sample 1 
B) Sample 2 
C) None;the correlation coefficient will be the same in both samples. 
D) There is not enough information to answer this question. 
A) Sample 1 
B) Sample 2 
C) None;the correlation coefficient will be the same in both samples. 
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 7

A researcher measures the following correlation: r = -0.21.What is the value of the coefficient of determination?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.04 
B) -0.04 
C) 0.42 
D) -0.42 
A) 0.04 
B) -0.04 
C) 0.42 
D) -0.42

Question 8

The assumption that there is an equal variance or scatter of data points dispersed along the regression line is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) normality 
B) linearity 
C) homoscedasticity 
D) restriction of range 
A) normality 
B) linearity 
C) homoscedasticity 
D) restriction of range

Question 9

A researcher measures the following correlation between cups of coffee consumed daily and daily work schedule.Which description best explains the relationship between these two factors?

Accepted Answer

A) The more a person works,the more coffee he or she tends to drink. 
B) The less a person works,the more coffee he or she tends to drink. 
C) The more a person works,the less coffee he or she tends to drink. 
D) No linear pattern is evident. 
A) The more a person works,the more coffee he or she tends to drink. 
B) The less a person works,the more coffee he or she tends to drink. 
C) The more a person works,the less coffee he or she tends to drink. 
D) No linear pattern is evident.

Question 10

Which of the following is a limitation for interpreting a correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) Correlations do not demonstrate cause-and-effect. 
B) Outliers can change the direction and/or strength of the correlation. 
C) Conclusions should not be drawn beyond the range of scores measured. 
D) all of the above 
A) Correlations do not demonstrate cause-and-effect. 
B) Outliers can change the direction and/or strength of the correlation. 
C) Conclusions should not be drawn beyond the range of scores measured. 
D) all of the above

Question 11

The appropriate correlation coefficient for measuring the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two ranked or ordinal variables is

Accepted Answer

A) the Spearman correlation coefficient 
B) the point-biserial correlation coefficient 
C) the phi correlation coefficient 
D) none of the above 
A) the Spearman correlation coefficient 
B) the point-biserial correlation coefficient 
C) the phi correlation coefficient 
D) none of the above

Question 12

A correlation of r = .50 in a sample of 15 participants is statistically significant for a two-tailed test at a .05 level of significance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is the assumption that the best way to describe the pattern of data is using a straight line?

Accepted Answer

A) normality 
B) linearity 
C) homoscedasticity 
D) restriction of range 
A) normality 
B) linearity 
C) homoscedasticity 
D) restriction of range

Question 14

A researcher measures the correlation between the frequency of self-esteem (high,low)and health status (lean/healthy,overweight/obese).Based on the frequencies for each nominal category given below,what is the value of the phi correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.08 
B) 0.28 
C) 0.52 
D) 0.56 
A) 0.08 
B) 0.28 
C) 0.52 
D) 0.56

Question 15

A researcher determines that   = 3.76 to test for significance for a phi correlation coefficient.What was the decision for this phi correlation test?

Accepted Answer

A) Retain the null hypothesis. 
B) Reject the null hypothesis 
C) There is not enough information to answer this question. 
A) Retain the null hypothesis. 
B) Reject the null hypothesis 
C) There is not enough information to answer this question.

Question 16

A researcher observes a correlation of values from 2 to 10 points and draws conclusions about the full range of values in the population from 0 to 21 points.Which limitation for correctly interpreting a correlation coefficient did the researcher violate?

Accepted Answer

A) reverse causality 
B) restriction of range 
C) a confound variable 
D) homoscedasticity 
A) reverse causality 
B) restriction of range 
C) a confound variable 
D) homoscedasticity

Question 17

The point-biserial correlation coefficient is a measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables,where

Accepted Answer

A) one is continuous,and one is dichotomous 
B) both variables are on an ordinal scale 
C) one is at interval level or higher and one is ordinal 
D) both variables are on a nominal scale 
A) one is continuous,and one is dichotomous 
B) both variables are on an ordinal scale 
C) one is at interval level or higher and one is ordinal 
D) both variables are on a nominal scale

Question 18

Restriction of range occurs when an unanticipated variable not accounted for in a research study that could be causing or associated with observed changes in one or more measured variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Three assumptions for a correlation are homoscedasticity,linearity,and normality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to measure the correlation between two nominal variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Select the description below that identifies the following correlation: r = .28,p < .01.

We convert r to a t statistic for which of the following correlation tests?

The normality assumption states that the population of X and Y scores form a bivariate ("two variable")normal distribution,such that

Which of the following would not be reported for a correlation?

The correlation coefficient ranges between and .

Suppose a correlation is computed in each of two samples.If the value of Is the same in each sample,and Is larger in Sample 1,then in which sample will the value of the correlation coefficient be larger?

A researcher measures the following correlation: r = -0.21.What is the value of the coefficient of determination?

The assumption that there is an equal variance or scatter of data points dispersed along the regression line is referred to as

A researcher measures the following correlation between cups of coffee consumed daily and daily work schedule.Which description best explains the relationship between these two factors?

Which of the following is a limitation for interpreting a correlation?

The appropriate correlation coefficient for measuring the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two ranked or ordinal variables is

A correlation of r = .50 in a sample of 15 participants is statistically significant for a two-tailed test at a .05 level of significance.

Which of the following is the assumption that the best way to describe the pattern of data is using a straight line?

A researcher measures the correlation between the frequency of self-esteem (high,low)and health status (lean/healthy,overweight/obese).Based on the frequencies for each nominal category given below,what is the value of the phi correlation coefficient?

A researcher determines that = 3.76 to test for significance for a phi correlation coefficient.What was the decision for this phi correlation test?

A researcher observes a correlation of values from 2 to 10 points and draws conclusions about the full range of values in the population from 0 to 21 points.Which limitation for correctly interpreting a correlation coefficient did the researcher violate?

The point-biserial correlation coefficient is a measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables,where

Restriction of range occurs when an unanticipated variable not accounted for in a research study that could be causing or associated with observed changes in one or more measured variables.

Three assumptions for a correlation are homoscedasticity,linearity,and normality.

The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to measure the correlation between two nominal variables.

Introduction to Statistics

Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs

Summarizing Data: Central Tendency

Summarizing Data: Variability

Probability

Probability, Normal Distributions, and Z Scores

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and Power

Testing Means: One-Sample and Two-Independent Sample T Tests

Testing Means: Related Samples T Test

Estimation and Confidence Intervals

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Between-Subjects Design

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated Measures Design

Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Linear Regression and Multiple Regression

Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests

Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

Exam 15: Correlation

Select the description below that identifies the following correlation: r = .28,p < .01.

We convert r to a t statistic for which of the following correlation tests?

The normality assumption states that the population of X and Y scores form a bivariate ("two variable")normal distribution,such that

Which of the following would not be reported for a correlation?

The correlation coefficient ranges between ____ and ____.

Suppose a correlation is computed in each of two samples.If the value of Is the same in each sample,and Is larger in Sample 1,then in which sample will the value of the correlation coefficient be larger?

A researcher measures the following correlation: r = -0.21.What is the value of the coefficient of determination?

The assumption that there is an equal variance or scatter of data points dispersed along the regression line is referred to as

A researcher measures the following correlation between cups of coffee consumed daily and daily work schedule.Which description best explains the relationship between these two factors?

Which of the following is a limitation for interpreting a correlation?

The appropriate correlation coefficient for measuring the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two ranked or ordinal variables is

A correlation of r = .50 in a sample of 15 participants is statistically significant for a two-tailed test at a .05 level of significance.

Which of the following is the assumption that the best way to describe the pattern of data is using a straight line?

A researcher measures the correlation between the frequency of self-esteem (high,low)and health status (lean/healthy,overweight/obese).Based on the frequencies for each nominal category given below,what is the value of the phi correlation coefficient?

A researcher determines that = 3.76 to test for significance for a phi correlation coefficient.What was the decision for this phi correlation test?

A researcher observes a correlation of values from 2 to 10 points and draws conclusions about the full range of values in the population from 0 to 21 points.Which limitation for correctly interpreting a correlation coefficient did the researcher violate?

The point-biserial correlation coefficient is a measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables,where

Restriction of range occurs when an unanticipated variable not accounted for in a research study that could be causing or associated with observed changes in one or more measured variables.

Three assumptions for a correlation are homoscedasticity,linearity,and normality.

The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to measure the correlation between two nominal variables.

Introduction to Statistics

Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs

Summarizing Data: Central Tendency

Summarizing Data: Variability

Probability

Probability, Normal Distributions, and Z Scores

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and Power

Testing Means: One-Sample and Two-Independent Sample T Tests

Testing Means: Related Samples T Test

Estimation and Confidence Intervals

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Between-Subjects Design

Analysis of Variance: One-Way Within-Subjects Repeated Measures Design

Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Linear Regression and Multiple Regression

Nonparametric Tests: Chi-Square Tests

Nonparametric Tests: Tests for Ordinal Data

Filters

The correlation coefficient ranges between and .