Question 1

Probability sampling:

Accepted Answer

A) is designed to ensure that the research sample is representative of the populations. 
B) Is designed to obtain a large sample size rather than a representative sample. 
C) is the most commonly sampling strategy in clinical psychology research. 
D) often requires web-based advertising to recruit participants. 
A) is designed to ensure that the research sample is representative of the populations. 
B) Is designed to obtain a large sample size rather than a representative sample. 
C) is the most commonly sampling strategy in clinical psychology research. 
D) often requires web-based advertising to recruit participants.

Question 2

When beginning research on a new topic the selection of an appropriate research design should follow:

Accepted Answer

A) formulation of the study procedures. 
B) a thorough review of the published research on the topic of interest. 
C) consideration of ethical issues in testing of the hypothesis. 
D) operationalization of key concepts. 
A) formulation of the study procedures. 
B) a thorough review of the published research on the topic of interest. 
C) consideration of ethical issues in testing of the hypothesis. 
D) operationalization of key concepts.

Question 3

Changes in the participants due to their psychological or physical development that cannot be separated from the experimental manipulation is known as

Accepted Answer

A) testing. 
B) statistical regression. 
C) attrition. 
D) maturation. 
A) testing. 
B) statistical regression. 
C) attrition. 
D) maturation.

Question 4

The degree to which elements of the measure such as items on a test)measure the same construct is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) internal consistency. 
B) criterion validity. 
C) inter-rater reliability. 
D) discriminant validity. 
A) internal consistency. 
B) criterion validity. 
C) inter-rater reliability. 
D) discriminant validity.

Question 5

Case studies can be beneficial in

Accepted Answer

A) making connections between phenomena that have not previously been examined. 
B) formulating and then testing hypotheses efficiently. 
C) addressing threats to internal validity. 
D) providing adequate protection against threats to external validity. 
A) making connections between phenomena that have not previously been examined. 
B) formulating and then testing hypotheses efficiently. 
C) addressing threats to internal validity. 
D) providing adequate protection against threats to external validity.

Question 6

A person who thinks "There's no research telling me that this new diet is ineffective,so that must mean that it's effective!" is engaging in a common error in thinking referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) affirming the consequent. 
B) an appeal to ignorance. 
C) faulty reasoning. 
D) false reasoning. 
A) affirming the consequent. 
B) an appeal to ignorance. 
C) faulty reasoning. 
D) false reasoning.

Question 7

In an A-B single case design,"A" represents:

Accepted Answer

A) the preferred treatment strategy. 
B) the level of symptoms following the intervention. 
C) the level of symptoms prior to the intervention. 
D) the number of participants in the study. 
A) the preferred treatment strategy. 
B) the level of symptoms following the intervention. 
C) the level of symptoms prior to the intervention. 
D) the number of participants in the study.

Question 8

Aspects of data analysis that influence the validity of the conclusions drawn about the results of the research study is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) clinical significance. 
B) face validity. 
C) self-report measures. 
D) statistical conclusion validity. 
A) clinical significance. 
B) face validity. 
C) self-report measures. 
D) statistical conclusion validity.

Question 9

Ensuring that participants have an opportunity to promptly obtain information about the nature,results,and conclusions of the research,as well as to correct any misconceptions about the research is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) communication of findings. 
B) debriefing. 
C) informed consent. 
D) dispensing. 
A) communication of findings. 
B) debriefing. 
C) informed consent. 
D) dispensing.

Question 10

The difference between the means of the experimental group and the control group,divided by the standard deviation of either the control group or the pooled sample of both groups is the

Accepted Answer

A) clinical standard deviation. 
B) effect size. 
C) clinical effect. 
D) clinically significant effect. 
A) clinical standard deviation. 
B) effect size. 
C) clinical effect. 
D) clinically significant effect.

Question 11

When selecting a sample for study,a researcher must be careful to:

Accepted Answer

A) select members only from certain age,gender,ethnicity,and socioeconomic status demographics. 
B) ensure that the sample is appropriate considering the population to which the results will be generalized. 
C) recruit students from university disciplines other than psychology. 
D) offer large incentives to attract potential participants. 
A) select members only from certain age,gender,ethnicity,and socioeconomic status demographics. 
B) ensure that the sample is appropriate considering the population to which the results will be generalized. 
C) recruit students from university disciplines other than psychology. 
D) offer large incentives to attract potential participants.

Question 12

Concluding there is no effect when a true effect exists is known as a

Accepted Answer

A) type I error. 
B) type II error. 
C) type III error. 
D) low effect size. 
A) type I error. 
B) type II error. 
C) type III error. 
D) low effect size.

Question 13

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

Accepted Answer

A) being straightforward about study goals would likely cause physical or emotional distress. 
B) participants are informed about the purpose of the study. 
C) it is justified by the potential benefit of the study and the use of nondeceptive procedures is not feasible. 
D) the study is conducted by a professional researcher. 
A) being straightforward about study goals would likely cause physical or emotional distress. 
B) participants are informed about the purpose of the study. 
C) it is justified by the potential benefit of the study and the use of nondeceptive procedures is not feasible. 
D) the study is conducted by a professional researcher.

Question 14

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

Accepted Answer

A) when the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harm. 
B) when the research participant gives informed consent. 
C) when the potential knowledge gained from the study can save the lives of others. 
D) under no circumstances. 
A) when the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harm. 
B) when the research participant gives informed consent. 
C) when the potential knowledge gained from the study can save the lives of others. 
D) under no circumstances.

Question 15

The loss of participants in a study over time is known as

Accepted Answer

A) regression. 
B) operationalization. 
C) attrition. 
D) maturation. 
A) regression. 
B) operationalization. 
C) attrition. 
D) maturation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common threat to the external validity of a study?

Accepted Answer

A) Selection biases. 
B) Attrition rates. 
C) Sample characteristics. 
D) Repeated testing. 
A) Selection biases. 
B) Attrition rates. 
C) Sample characteristics. 
D) Repeated testing.

Question 17

Clinical psychology practice must change when evidence shows that a theoretically sound intervention does not work.An example of this is a common but ineffective)psychotherapeutic component for treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder during 1970s and 1980s was

Accepted Answer

A) thought-stopping. 
B) exposure. 
C) response prevention. 
D) systematic desensitization. 
A) thought-stopping. 
B) exposure. 
C) response prevention. 
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 18

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A) mediator 
B) moderator 
C) independent 
D) relational 
A) mediator 
B) moderator 
C) independent 
D) relational

Question 19

Mischaracterizing a position in order to make it look absurd or unpalatable is a common error in thinking referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) the straw person argument. 
B) an appeal to ignorance. 
C) affirming the consequent. 
D) the golden mean fallacy. 
A) the straw person argument. 
B) an appeal to ignorance. 
C) affirming the consequent. 
D) the golden mean fallacy.

Question 20

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) some type of manipulation. 
B) comparison of two previously established groups. 
C) a laboratory task. 
D) higher costs than quasi-experimental designs. 
A) some type of manipulation. 
B) comparison of two previously established groups. 
C) a laboratory task. 
D) higher costs than quasi-experimental designs.

Probability sampling:

When beginning research on a new topic the selection of an appropriate research design should follow:

Changes in the participants due to their psychological or physical development that cannot be separated from the experimental manipulation is known as

The degree to which elements of the measure such as items on a test)measure the same construct is referred to as

Case studies can be beneficial in

A person who thinks "There's no research telling me that this new diet is ineffective,so that must mean that it's effective!" is engaging in a common error in thinking referred to as:

In an A-B single case design,"A" represents:

Aspects of data analysis that influence the validity of the conclusions drawn about the results of the research study is referred to as

Ensuring that participants have an opportunity to promptly obtain information about the nature,results,and conclusions of the research,as well as to correct any misconceptions about the research is referred to as __________.

The difference between the means of the experimental group and the control group,divided by the standard deviation of either the control group or the pooled sample of both groups is the

When selecting a sample for study,a researcher must be careful to:

Concluding there is no effect when a true effect exists is known as a

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

The loss of participants in a study over time is known as

Which of the following is a common threat to the external validity of a study?

Clinical psychology practice must change when evidence shows that a theoretically sound intervention does not work.An example of this is a common but ineffective)psychotherapeutic component for treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder during 1970s and 1980s was

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

Mischaracterizing a position in order to make it look absurd or unpalatable is a common error in thinking referred to as:

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

The Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

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Exam 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Probability sampling:

When beginning research on a new topic the selection of an appropriate research design should follow:

Changes in the participants due to their psychological or physical development that cannot be separated from the experimental manipulation is known as

The degree to which elements of the measure such as items on a test)measure the same construct is referred to as

Case studies can be beneficial in

A person who thinks "There's no research telling me that this new diet is ineffective,so that must mean that it's effective!" is engaging in a common error in thinking referred to as:

In an A-B single case design,"A" represents:

Aspects of data analysis that influence the validity of the conclusions drawn about the results of the research study is referred to as

Ensuring that participants have an opportunity to promptly obtain information about the nature,results,and conclusions of the research,as well as to correct any misconceptions about the research is referred to as __________.

The difference between the means of the experimental group and the control group,divided by the standard deviation of either the control group or the pooled sample of both groups is the

When selecting a sample for study,a researcher must be careful to:

Concluding there is no effect when a true effect exists is known as a

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

The loss of participants in a study over time is known as

Which of the following is a common threat to the external validity of a study?

Clinical psychology practice must change when evidence shows that a theoretically sound intervention does not work.An example of this is a common but ineffective)psychotherapeutic component for treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder during 1970s and 1980s was

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

Mischaracterizing a position in order to make it look absurd or unpalatable is a common error in thinking referred to as:

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

The Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

Filters