Question 1

Mechanism:

Accepted Answer

A)  was a view of the universe shared by Descartes,Bacon,and Galileo. 
B)  considered nature as a machine. 
C)  rejected Aristotelian distinctions between the works of man and those of God. 
D)  taught that the works of nature were of a higher order than those of humans. 
E)  all of these 
A)  was a view of the universe shared by Descartes,Bacon,and Galileo. 
B)  considered nature as a machine. 
C)  rejected Aristotelian distinctions between the works of man and those of God. 
D)  taught that the works of nature were of a higher order than those of humans. 
E)  all of these

Question 2

"Science" entails:

Accepted Answer

A)  a body of knowledge. 
B)  a community of practitioners. 
C)  a system of inquiry. 
D)  institutions to support the practitioners. 
E)  all of these 
A)  a body of knowledge. 
B)  a community of practitioners. 
C)  a system of inquiry. 
D)  institutions to support the practitioners. 
E)  all of these

Question 3

Was the scientific revolution a revolution?

Accepted Answer

The scientific revolution was primarily

Question 4

Johannes Kepler built on the work of his mentor,Tycho Brahe,to:

Accepted Answer

A)  discover the undreamed galaxy. 
B)  become the first court astrologer to Christiana of Sweden. 
C)  become the first court astronomer to the Holy Roman Emperor. 
D)  correct two of Copernicus's assumptions concerning planetary motion. 
E)  correct Galileo's first law of motion. 
A)  discover the undreamed galaxy. 
B)  become the first court astrologer to Christiana of Sweden. 
C)  become the first court astronomer to the Holy Roman Emperor. 
D)  correct two of Copernicus's assumptions concerning planetary motion. 
E)  correct Galileo's first law of motion.

Question 5

The new scientific societies:

Accepted Answer

A)  gave natural philosophers a common sense of purpose. 
B)  provided a system to reach agreement and establish "matters of fact." 
C)  separated scientific research from politics and religion. 
D)  helped restore a sense of order and consensus in society. 
E)  all of these 
A)  gave natural philosophers a common sense of purpose. 
B)  provided a system to reach agreement and establish "matters of fact." 
C)  separated scientific research from politics and religion. 
D)  helped restore a sense of order and consensus in society. 
E)  all of these

Question 6

Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy was his building of the first observatory on a small island granted to him by the Danish king.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Baruch Spinoza applied geometry to ethics and deduced that the universe was made of a single substance that was both God and nature in one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Kepler believed that _________ was God's language.

Accepted Answer

A)  science 
B)  astronomy 
C)  mathematics 
D)  music 
E)  poetry 
A)  science 
B)  astronomy 
C)  mathematics 
D)  music 
E)  poetry

Question 9

Many Roman Catholic churchmen viewed the "New Science," especially as typified by Copernican theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  as completely compatible with Church doctrine. 
B)  with some skepticism but as being overall acceptable. 
C)  as a valuable tool,as long as the scientists were Catholic. 
D)  as a direct threat to Church doctrine. 
E)  with great suspicion,even though they could find nothing specific that challenged Catholic doctrine. 
A)  as completely compatible with Church doctrine. 
B)  with some skepticism but as being overall acceptable. 
C)  as a valuable tool,as long as the scientists were Catholic. 
D)  as a direct threat to Church doctrine. 
E)  with great suspicion,even though they could find nothing specific that challenged Catholic doctrine.

Question 10

The Dutch Cartesian Baruch Spinoza reinforced a belief in God through:

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of microscopes to reveal God's wisdom. 
B)  mechanical philosophy,which revealed God to be the master mechanic behind creation. 
C)  the revelation of the complexity of objects and systems,which could not be the product of chance. 
D)  an application of geometry and ethics to prove the single substance of the universe was both God and nature. 
E)  all of these 
A)  the use of microscopes to reveal God's wisdom. 
B)  mechanical philosophy,which revealed God to be the master mechanic behind creation. 
C)  the revelation of the complexity of objects and systems,which could not be the product of chance. 
D)  an application of geometry and ethics to prove the single substance of the universe was both God and nature. 
E)  all of these

Question 11

Why were Galileo's ideas considered so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Much of the danger in Galileo's findings

Question 12

What did the scientific revolution owe to the Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

The scientific revolution was rooted in

Question 13

The primary target of Descartes' philosophical method was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Neoplatonism. 
B)  Catholicism. 
C)  skepticism. 
D)  existentialism. 
E)  systematic doubt. 
A)  Neoplatonism. 
B)  Catholicism. 
C)  skepticism. 
D)  existentialism. 
E)  systematic doubt.

Question 14

In what ways did Bacon and his followers aid the separation of scientific investigation from philosophical argument?

Accepted Answer

Bacon asserted that the authority of the

Question 15

_________ made the first challenge to the Ptolemaic conception of the universe.

Accepted Answer

A)  Isaac Newton 
B)  Johannes Kepler 
C)  Tycho Brahe 
D)  Galileo Galilei 
E)  Nicholas Copernicus 
A)  Isaac Newton 
B)  Johannes Kepler 
C)  Tycho Brahe 
D)  Galileo Galilei 
E)  Nicholas Copernicus

Question 16

The term heliocentric means:

Accepted Answer

A)  god-centered. 
B)  sky-centered. 
C)  gas-centered. 
D)  sun-centered. 
E)  human-centered. 
A)  god-centered. 
B)  sky-centered. 
C)  gas-centered. 
D)  sun-centered. 
E)  human-centered.

Question 17

In European states,the New Science:

Accepted Answer

A)  was not discovered outside of Poland and Italy until the eighteenth century. 
B)  was encouraged in England and other countries through the establishment of royal societies. 
C)  triggered a rebirth of faith throughout the continent. 
D)  was suppressed in all Catholic countries,especially in France. 
E)  was privately welcomed but not supported by any national state. 
A)  was not discovered outside of Poland and Italy until the eighteenth century. 
B)  was encouraged in England and other countries through the establishment of royal societies. 
C)  triggered a rebirth of faith throughout the continent. 
D)  was suppressed in all Catholic countries,especially in France. 
E)  was privately welcomed but not supported by any national state.

Question 18

A method of reasoning that goes from the specific to the general was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  René Descartes. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  Blaise Pascal. 
E)  Baruch Spinoza. 
A)  René Descartes. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  Blaise Pascal. 
E)  Baruch Spinoza.

Question 19

René Descartes believed he had proven the existence of God through his use of systematic doubt in his book:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B)  Discourse on the Method. 
C)  Novum Organum. 
D)  The New Atlantis. 
E)  Two New Sciences. 
A)  Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B)  Discourse on the Method. 
C)  Novum Organum. 
D)  The New Atlantis. 
E)  Two New Sciences.

Question 20

Galileo hoped for support from his friend Maffeo Barberini,who became:

Accepted Answer

A)  the doge of Venice. 
B)  the head of the Medici family. 
C)  pope. 
D)  the king of France. 
E)  the Holy Roman Emperor. 
A)  the doge of Venice. 
B)  the head of the Medici family. 
C)  pope. 
D)  the king of France. 
E)  the Holy Roman Emperor.

Exam 16: The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

Mechanism:

"Science" entails:

Was the scientific revolution a revolution?

Johannes Kepler built on the work of his mentor,Tycho Brahe,to:

The new scientific societies:

Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy was his building of the first observatory on a small island granted to him by the Danish king.

Baruch Spinoza applied geometry to ethics and deduced that the universe was made of a single substance that was both God and nature in one.

Kepler believed that _________ was God's language.

Many Roman Catholic churchmen viewed the "New Science," especially as typified by Copernican theory:

The Dutch Cartesian Baruch Spinoza reinforced a belief in God through:

Why were Galileo's ideas considered so dangerous?

What did the scientific revolution owe to the Middle Ages?

The primary target of Descartes' philosophical method was:

In what ways did Bacon and his followers aid the separation of scientific investigation from philosophical argument?

_________ made the first challenge to the Ptolemaic conception of the universe.

The term heliocentric means:

In European states,the New Science:

A method of reasoning that goes from the specific to the general was developed by:

René Descartes believed he had proven the existence of God through his use of systematic doubt in his book:

Galileo hoped for support from his friend Maffeo Barberini,who became:

Early Civilizations

Peoples, gods ,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,warfare,and Sovereignty,1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What is a Nation? Territories ,states , and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

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