Question 1

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood buffers,kidneys,and lungs 
B) Kidneys,lungs,and blood buffers 
C) Blood buffers,lungs,and kidneys 
D) Lungs,kidneys,and blood buffers 
A) Blood buffers,kidneys,and lungs 
B) Kidneys,lungs,and blood buffers 
C) Blood buffers,lungs,and kidneys 
D) Lungs,kidneys,and blood buffers C

Question 2

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Chloride 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphorus 
A) Potassium 
B) Chloride 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphorus D

Question 3

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 mL 
B) 20 mL 
C) 30 mL 
D) 40 mL 
A) 10 mL 
B) 20 mL 
C) 30 mL 
D) 40 mL C

Question 4

What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Frequent periods of ambulation 
B) Increasing fluid intake 
C) Decreasing fluid intake 
D) Deep-breathing exercises 
A) Frequent periods of ambulation 
B) Increasing fluid intake 
C) Decreasing fluid intake 
D) Deep-breathing exercises

Question 5

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Filtration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Homeostasis 
A) Diffusion 
B) Filtration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Homeostasis

Question 6

What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?

Accepted Answer

A) Active transport 
B) Oxygenation 
C) Passive transport 
D) Mass movement 
A) Active transport 
B) Oxygenation 
C) Passive transport 
D) Mass movement

Question 7

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing.What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?

Accepted Answer

A) An accurate weight 
B) Water balance 
C) Adequate nutrition 
D) Urinary output 
A) An accurate weight 
B) Water balance 
C) Adequate nutrition 
D) Urinary output

Question 8

When a patient takes substances into the body,they first enter the extracellular compartment.What must the substances enter to carry out their function?

Accepted Answer

A) Horizontal compartment 
B) Intracellular compartment 
C) Compartmental 
D) Vertical compartment 
A) Horizontal compartment 
B) Intracellular compartment 
C) Compartmental 
D) Vertical compartment

Question 9

The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L.What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoporosis 
B) Tooth loss 
C) Renal calculi 
D) Contractures 
A) Osteoporosis 
B) Tooth loss 
C) Renal calculi 
D) Contractures

Question 10

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Titration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Distillation 
E) Filtration 
A) Diffusion 
B) Titration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Distillation 
E) Filtration

Question 11

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis.Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A) Intracellular 
B) Intravascular 
C) Extracellular 
D) Interstitial 
A) Intracellular 
B) Intravascular 
C) Extracellular 
D) Interstitial

Question 12

The nurse expects an adult with normal ______________ function to void a minimum of 120 mL of urine in 4 hours.

Accepted Answer

kidney
The norm is to excrete

Question 13

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% to 20% 
B) 30% to 40% 
C) 50% to 60% 
D) 70% to 80% 
A) 10% to 20% 
B) 30% to 40% 
C) 50% to 60% 
D) 70% to 80%

Question 14

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 mL 
B) 1500 mL 
C) 2050 mL 
D) 2500 mL 
A) 1000 mL 
B) 1500 mL 
C) 2050 mL 
D) 2500 mL

Question 15

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

Accepted Answer

A) Apples and green beans 
B) Kiwis and onions 
C) Apricots and asparagus 
D) Grapes and lima beans 
A) Apples and green beans 
B) Kiwis and onions 
C) Apricots and asparagus 
D) Grapes and lima beans

Question 16

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmotic pressure 
C) Blood pressure 
D) Pulse pressure 
A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmotic pressure 
C) Blood pressure 
D) Pulse pressure

Question 17

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) 1:5 
B) 1:10 
C) 1:15 
D) 1:20 
A) 1:5 
B) 1:10 
C) 1:15 
D) 1:20

Question 18

When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory alkalosis 
D) Metabolic alkalosis 
A) Respiratory acidosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory alkalosis 
D) Metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyponatremic 
B) Hypokalemic 
C) Hypernatremic 
D) Hypercalcemic 
A) Hyponatremic 
B) Hypokalemic 
C) Hypernatremic 
D) Hypercalcemic

Question 20

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

Accepted Answer

A) Intercellular compartment 
B) Circulating compartment 
C) Vertical compartment 
D) Extracellular compartment 
A) Intercellular compartment 
B) Circulating compartment 
C) Vertical compartment 
D) Extracellular compartment

Exam 18: Fluids and Electrolytes

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing.What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?

When a patient takes substances into the body,they first enter the extracellular compartment.What must the substances enter to carry out their function?

The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L.What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis.Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

The nurse expects an adult with normal ______________ function to void a minimum of 120 mL of urine in 4 hours.

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

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When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO₂ and the PaO₂ are normal.What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?