Question 1

In the radioactive decay equation $^{238}_{92}$ → $^{234}_{90}$ Th + X, what is X?

Accepted Answer

None

Question 2

A radioactive isotope of atomic number Z emits a beta-minus particle, and then the daughter nucleus emits a gamma ray. What is the atomic number of the resulting nucleus after both processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Z - 1 
B)  Z + 1 
C)  Z - 2 
D)  Z - 3 
A)  Z - 1 
B)  Z + 1 
C)  Z - 2 
D)  Z - 3

Question 3

How many quarks are in a deuteron, $^{2}_{1}$H?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  9 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  9

Question 4

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: 
$^{16} _{8} O$ + neutron → X + alpha particle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine the missing product X in the...

Question 5

The maximum permissible workday dose for occupational exposure to radiation is 18 mrem. A 54-kg laboratory technician absorbs 2.6 mJ of 0.30-MeV gamma rays in a work day. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for gamma rays is 1.00. What is the ratio of the equivalent dosage received by the technician to the maximum permissible equivalent dosage?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.27 
B)  0.29 
C)  0.32 
D)  0.35 
E)  0.37 
A)  0.27 
B)  0.29 
C)  0.32 
D)  0.35 
E)  0.37

Question 6

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 10 min. What fraction of the sample is left after 40 min?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/2 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/8 
D)  1/16 
A)  1/2 
B)  1/4 
C)  1/8 
D)  1/16

Question 7

Suppose the half-life of an isotope is 2 days. You purchase 10 grams of the isotope, but it was produced in a laboratory 4 days before it was delivered to you. How much of this isotope will you have 3 days after it was delivered to you?

Accepted Answer

A)  more than 2.5 grams but less than 5 grams 
B)  2.5 grams 
C)  more than 1.25 grams but less than 2.5 grams 
D)  1.25 grams 
E)  less than 1.25 grams 
A)  more than 2.5 grams but less than 5 grams 
B)  2.5 grams 
C)  more than 1.25 grams but less than 2.5 grams 
D)  1.25 grams 
E)  less than 1.25 grams

Question 8

Which of the following statements is not true of the strong nuclear force?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nuclear force has a short range, of the order of nuclear dimensions. 
B)  For two protons that are very close together, the nuclear force and the electric force have about the same magnitudes. 
C)  The nuclear force does not depend on charge. 
D)  A nucleon in a large nucleus interacts via the nuclear force only with nearby nucleons, not with ones far away in the nucleus. 
E)  The nuclear force affects both neutrons and protons. 
A)  The nuclear force has a short range, of the order of nuclear dimensions. 
B)  For two protons that are very close together, the nuclear force and the electric force have about the same magnitudes. 
C)  The nuclear force does not depend on charge. 
D)  A nucleon in a large nucleus interacts via the nuclear force only with nearby nucleons, not with ones far away in the nucleus. 
E)  The nuclear force affects both neutrons and protons.

Question 9

A certain substance has a half-life of 5.0 hours. How many nuclei of the substance are required to give an initial activity of 6.0 μCi? 
(1 Ci = 3.7 × $10^{10}$ Bq)

Accepted Answer

A)  5.8 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei 
B)  8.5 × $10^8$ nuclei 
C)  6.3 × $10^8$ nuclei 
D)  3.2 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei 
E)  2.4 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei 
A)  5.8 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei 
B)  8.5 × $10^8$ nuclei 
C)  6.3 × $10^8$ nuclei 
D)  3.2 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei 
E)  2.4 × $10 ^ { 9 }$ nuclei

Question 10

The symbol for a certain isotope of strontium is $^{90}_{38}$ Sr. What is the mass number of this isotope?

Accepted Answer

A)  38 
B)  52 
C)  88 
D)  90 
E)  128 
A)  38 
B)  52 
C)  88 
D)  90 
E)  128

Question 11

Consider the fusion reaction: $^{2}_{1}$H + $^{2}_{1}$H + $^{2}_{1}$H → $^{4}_{2}$He + $^{1}_{1}$ H + $^{1}_{0}$ n
The know atomic masses are $^{2}_{1}$H: 2.01410 u $^{4}_{2}$He: 4.00260 u $^{1}_{1}$ H: 1.00783 u $^{1}_{0}$ n: 1.008665 u where 1 u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg. What mass of deuterium fuel, $^{2}_{1}$H, is used up in producing $5.6 \times 10^{15} \mathrm {~J}$ of energy by this reaction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the fusion reaction: $^{2}_{1}$H + $^{2}_{1}$H...

Question 12

An air sample is contaminated with 15O, which has a half-life of 2.03 minutes. You can pass it through a long pipe to allow it to decay until it can be safely released into the atmosphere. If the speed of the gas in the pipe is 1.1 m/s, how long must the pipeline be for the sample to decay to 3.0% of its original activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  680 m 
B)  8.0 m 
C)  72 m 
D)  250 m 
A)  680 m 
B)  8.0 m 
C)  72 m 
D)  250 m

Question 13

The decay rate of a radioactive sample decreases from 175 kBq to 12.4 kBq in 18.3 s. What is the mean life (time constant) of this sample?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The decay rate of a radioactive sample...

Question 14

How many protons, neutrons, and nucleons are there in a carbon-14 nucleus?

Accepted Answer

6 protons,

Question 15

The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days. What is the half-life of these nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)  9/8 days 
B)  2 days 
C)  3 days 
D)  8 days 
E)  10 days 
A)  9/8 days 
B)  2 days 
C)  3 days 
D)  8 days 
E)  10 days

Question 16

One of the fusion reactions that occurs in the sun is: $^{3}_{2}$He + $^{3}_{2}$He → $^{4}_{2}$)He + $^{1}_{1}$ H +$^{1}_{1}$ H The following atomic masses are known: 
$^{1}_{1}$H: 1.007825 u $^{3}_{2}$He: 3.016029 u $^{4}_{2}$He: 4.002603 u
What is the reaction energy released in this fusion reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A)  11 MeV 
B)  13 MeV 
C)  15 MeV 
D)  17 MeV 
E)  19 MeV 
A)  11 MeV 
B)  13 MeV 
C)  15 MeV 
D)  17 MeV 
E)  19 MeV

Question 17

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years, while that of strontium-90 is about 29 years. Suppose you have samples of both isotopes, and that they initially have the same activity (number of decays per second). What must be true of the numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei in these samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are more strontium-90 than cobalt-60 nuclei. 
B)  There are equal numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei. 
C)  There are more cobalt-60 than strontium-90 nuclei. 
D)  It is not possible to compare numbers of nuclei without knowing the masses of the samples. 
A)  There are more strontium-90 than cobalt-60 nuclei. 
B)  There are equal numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei. 
C)  There are more cobalt-60 than strontium-90 nuclei. 
D)  It is not possible to compare numbers of nuclei without knowing the masses of the samples.

Question 18

An archaeologist finds the 14C in a sample of $2.10 \mathrm {~g}$ of material to be decaying at 107 Bq. A modern $1.00 - g$ sample of the same material decays at 151 Bq,and assume this rate has also held in the past. The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. How old is the sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  8980 years 
B)  6230 years 
C)  17,000 years 
D)  8530 years 
A)  8980 years 
B)  6230 years 
C)  17,000 years 
D)  8530 years

Question 19

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus, producing fluorine-18 and another particle X. What is the other particle X?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutron 
B)  positron 
C)  alpha particle 
D)  electron 
E)  gamma ray 
A)  neutron 
B)  positron 
C)  alpha particle 
D)  electron 
E)  gamma ray

Question 20

All nuclei of a given element have the same number of

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  nucleons. 
D)  protons + neutrons. 
A)  neutrons. 
B)  protons. 
C)  nucleons. 
D)  protons + neutrons.

Exam 30: Nuclear Physics

In the radioactive decay equation 92238^{238}_{92}92238​ → 90234^{234}_{90}90234​ Th + X, what is X?

A radioactive isotope of atomic number Z emits a beta-minus particle, and then the daughter nucleus emits a gamma ray. What is the atomic number of the resulting nucleus after both processes?

How many quarks are in a deuteron, 12^{2}_{1}12​ H?

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: 816O^{16} _{8} O816​O + neutron → X + alpha particle

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 10 min. What fraction of the sample is left after 40 min?

Suppose the half-life of an isotope is 2 days. You purchase 10 grams of the isotope, but it was produced in a laboratory 4 days before it was delivered to you. How much of this isotope will you have 3 days after it was delivered to you?

Which of the following statements is not true of the strong nuclear force?

A certain substance has a half-life of 5.0 hours. How many nuclei of the substance are required to give an initial activity of 6.0 μCi? (1 Ci = 3.7 × 101010^{10}1010 Bq)

The symbol for a certain isotope of strontium is 3890^{90}_{38}3890​ Sr. What is the mass number of this isotope?

The decay rate of a radioactive sample decreases from 175 kBq to 12.4 kBq in 18.3 s. What is the mean life (time constant) of this sample?

How many protons, neutrons, and nucleons are there in a carbon-14 nucleus?

The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days. What is the half-life of these nuclei?

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years, while that of strontium-90 is about 29 years. Suppose you have samples of both isotopes, and that they initially have the same activity (number of decays per second). What must be true of the numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei in these samples?

An archaeologist finds the 14C in a sample of 2.10 g2.10 \mathrm {~g}2.10 g of material to be decaying at 107 Bq. A modern 1.00−g1.00 - g1.00−g sample of the same material decays at 151 Bq,and assume this rate has also held in the past. The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. How old is the sample?

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus, producing fluorine-18 and another particle X. What is the other particle X?

All nuclei of a given element have the same number of

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In the radioactive decay equation $^{238}_{92}$ → $^{234}_{90}$ Th + X, what is X?

How many quarks are in a deuteron, $^{2}_{1}$ H?

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: $^{16} _{8} O$ + neutron → X + alpha particle

A certain substance has a half-life of 5.0 hours. How many nuclei of the substance are required to give an initial activity of 6.0 μCi? (1 Ci = 3.7 × $10^{10}$ Bq)

The symbol for a certain isotope of strontium is $^{90}_{38}$ Sr. What is the mass number of this isotope?

An archaeologist finds the ¹⁴C in a sample of $2.10 \mathrm {~g}$ of material to be decaying at 107 Bq. A modern $1.00 - g$ sample of the same material decays at 151 Bq,and assume this rate has also held in the past. The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 years. How old is the sample?