Exam 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: T_h = 1 100 K,T_c = 1 000 K;Engine B: T_h = 550 K,T_c = 500 K;Engine C: T_h = 1100 K,T_c = 500 K.Which two engines have the same thermal efficiency?​

Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice.In this process

In an isovolumetric process by an ideal gas,the system's heat gain is equivalent to a change in

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 28.0% and its power output is 540 W,what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?

When gasoline is burned,it gives off 41 000 J/g of heat energy.If an automobile uses 14.1 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 23.0%,what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W)

If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note that during a process of change their motion somehow became more orderly,then one may assume which of the following in regard to the system?

A closed 2.0-L container holds 3.0 mol of an ideal gas.If 190 J of heat is added,what is the change in internal energy of the system?​

The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i)the measurement of temperature,(ii)the lowest temperature possible,(iii)conservation of energy,and (iv)only part of heat energy available may be turned into work.Which of these involve the first and second law?

A system has an increase in internal energy of 60 J while 90 J was removed from the system by heat.How much work was involved during this process and was it done on the system or done on its environment?

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 218°C and exhausts the unused heat into a nearby river at 24°C.What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the plant? (0°C = 273 K)

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 24 J of work on its environment.What is its change in internal energy?​

On an average diet,the consumption of 10.6 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.50 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed. )

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases,are the heat absorbed,work done by the system,and the change in internal energy of the system positive,negative,or zero?

2.20 kilograms of water at 1.00 atm at the boiling point of 100°C is heated until all the water vaporizes.What is its change in entropy? (For water,L_v = 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg)

How much thermal energy must be added to 7.10 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its temperature 22.1 K?

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.5 liters to 6.3 liters.If the initial pressure is P₀,what is the final pressure?

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal.If a 1 200-kg automobile had an equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy,how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph,1 kcal = 4 186 J)

What is the change in entropy (ΔS)when one mole of silver (101 g)is completely melted at 961°C? (The heat of fusion of silver is 8.82 × 10⁴ J/kg. )

During an isobaric process which one of the following does not change?

If you roll a pair of dice,what is the total number of ways in which you can obtain a 3?​