Exam 2: International Financial Markets: Structure and Innovation
What is a foreign bond and what relevance does it have to international finance?
Foreign bonds were bonds issued in a particular country,say the United States,denominated in the currency of the United States,the USD,but issued by an entity that was not considered to be a domestic (U.S. )issuer.For instance,if the Bank of China issued a bond in the United States denominated in the USD,the bond would be considered to be a foreign bond.While foreign bonds are still issued as part of international finance,a similar,but in important aspects different instrument,has supplanted the foreign bond to some extent.Eurobonds are issued by a foreign issuer (not considered to be an issuer in the country where the bond is issued)in a country but are issued,not denominated in the currency of the country where they are issued,but are denominated in another currency that is not the currency of the country where they are issued or the currency of the issuer.For instance,if the Bank of China issued a bond in the United States denominated in euros,the bond would be considered to be a Eurobond.Both the foreign bond and the Eurobond represent the flexibility that issuers of bonds have in targeting their markets and in taking advantage of the relative strengths or weaknesses of various currencies.
Converting an indirect quote to a direct quote require:
A
What is the "bid-ask spread" and how does it affect the costs that MNCs incur in the foreign exchange market?
The bid price is what someone who is seeking to buy a specific foreign currency on the foreign exchange market is willing to pay for that currency,and the ask price is what someone who is seeking to sell a specific currency on the foreign exchange market is willing to accept for that currency.The bid-ask spread is the difference between the two prices,and,if a dealer can find an ask price that is less than a bid price,the bid-ask spread represents the profit that the deal can make by buying the currency at the ask price and selling it at the bid price.Liquid currencies (those that are bought and sold easily)have low spreads since they are regularly traded and bid and ask prices are essentially the same,but illiquid currencies (those that are not bought and sold as easily)have higher spreads since there are not as many buyers and sellers of those currencies.When an MNC seeks to buy or sell on the foreign currency market,it typically conducts those transactions through a dealer in foreign currency,and the bid-ask spread for the particular currency that the MNC is seeking to buy or sell will be the dealer's profit on the transaction,paid by the MNC.
__________________________ are agreements to pay a specific sum of money at a specified interest rate in a specified period of time,often six months.
Most foreign exchange transactions involve the sale or purchase of:
The vehicle or intermediate currency in which most international exchange transactions are conducted is the:
In foreign exchange markets,________________ is the price that market makers are willing to buy and ____________________ is the price at which market makers are willing to sell a foreign currency.
Foreign exchange transactions can be classified into three categories:
Foreign currency transactions that are in the USD are called:
Fedwire is a settlement system for foreign currency exchange transactions in the United States operated by the:
The Clearing House Interbank Payment System (CHIPS)is operated by major banks in New York and facilitates foreign exchange transactions by:
In _________________,parties agree to rates at which currencies will be exchanged immediately.
Banks that are involved in borrowing and lending transactions in currencies other than their domestic currencies are called:
Foreign currency quotes typically use _____________ decimal places,and for major currencies,the bid and ask quotes _________________.
The two key financial instruments used in the Eurocurrency markets are:
____________________ are Eurobonds that are issued simultaneously in multiple regions or countries.
Foreign exchange transactions are easy and inexpensive and even large transactions can be made without affecting market prices because:
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