Question 1

A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours.What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic acidosis 
B) Metabolic alkalosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Metabolic acidosis 
B) Metabolic alkalosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis B

Question 2

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmotic pressure 
C) Blood pressure 
D) Pulse pressure 
A) Hydrostatic pressure 
B) Osmotic pressure 
C) Blood pressure 
D) Pulse pressure A

Question 3

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyponatremic 
B) Hypokalemic 
C) Hypernatremic 
D) Hypercalcemic 
A) Hyponatremic 
B) Hypokalemic 
C) Hypernatremic 
D) Hypercalcemic C

Question 4

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% to 20% 
B) 30% to 40% 
C) 50% to 60% 
D) 70% to 80% 
A) 10% to 20% 
B) 30% to 40% 
C) 50% to 60% 
D) 70% to 80%

Question 5

When administering intravenous (IV)fluids,the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult.When could dehydration become lethal?

Accepted Answer

A) If the patient loses 5% of body fluid 
B) If the patient loses 10% of body fluid 
C) If the patient loses 15% of body fluid 
D) If the patient loses 20% of body fluid 
A) If the patient loses 5% of body fluid 
B) If the patient loses 10% of body fluid 
C) If the patient loses 15% of body fluid 
D) If the patient loses 20% of body fluid

Question 6

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Titration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Distillation 
E) Filtration 
A) Diffusion 
B) Titration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Distillation 
E) Filtration

Question 7

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

Accepted Answer

A) Apples and green beans 
B) Kiwis and onions 
C) Apricots and asparagus 
D) Grapes and lima beans 
A) Apples and green beans 
B) Kiwis and onions 
C) Apricots and asparagus 
D) Grapes and lima beans

Question 8

Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.What does 1 milliequivalent of potassium have the same combining power as?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 mEq of nitrogen 
B) 1 mEq of oxygen 
C) 1 mEq of hydrogen 
D) 1 mEq of magnesium 
A) 1 mEq of nitrogen 
B) 1 mEq of oxygen 
C) 1 mEq of hydrogen 
D) 1 mEq of magnesium

Question 9

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Chloride 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphorus 
A) Potassium 
B) Chloride 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphorus

Question 10

A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of: T 98.6° F,P 81,BP 130/86,R 32.What will result if this hyperventilation continues?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic acidosis 
B) Metabolic alkalosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Metabolic acidosis 
B) Metabolic alkalosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately _____ mL of water through respiration in the course of a day.

Accepted Answer

350
three hundred fi

Question 12

The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L.What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoporosis 
B) Tooth loss 
C) Renal calculi 
D) Contractures 
A) Osteoporosis 
B) Tooth loss 
C) Renal calculi 
D) Contractures

Question 13

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 mL 
B) 1500 mL 
C) 2050 mL 
D) 2500 mL 
A) 1000 mL 
B) 1500 mL 
C) 2050 mL 
D) 2500 mL

Question 14

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) 1:5 
B) 1:10 
C) 1:15 
D) 1:20 
A) 1:5 
B) 1:10 
C) 1:15 
D) 1:20

Question 15

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

Accepted Answer

A) Intercellular compartment 
B) Circulating compartment 
C) Vertical compartment 
D) Extracellular compartment 
A) Intercellular compartment 
B) Circulating compartment 
C) Vertical compartment 
D) Extracellular compartment

Question 16

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Filtration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Homeostasis 
A) Diffusion 
B) Filtration 
C) Osmosis 
D) Homeostasis

Question 17

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 mL 
B) 20 mL 
C) 30 mL 
D) 40 mL 
A) 10 mL 
B) 20 mL 
C) 30 mL 
D) 40 mL

Question 18

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood buffers, kidneys, and lungs 
B) Kidneys, lungs, and blood buffers 
C) Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys 
D) Lungs, kidneys, and blood buffers 
A) Blood buffers, kidneys, and lungs 
B) Kidneys, lungs, and blood buffers 
C) Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys 
D) Lungs, kidneys, and blood buffers

Question 19

What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Slow respirations 
B) Muscle weakness 
C) Strong, even heart rate 
D) Flushed face 
A) Slow respirations 
B) Muscle weakness 
C) Strong, even heart rate 
D) Flushed face

Question 20

What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Systemic edema 
B) Cardiac complications 
C) Muscle cramping 
D) Impaired kidney function 
A) Systemic edema 
B) Cardiac complications 
C) Muscle cramping 
D) Impaired kidney function

Exam 20: Fluids and Electrolytes

A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours.What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient.The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid.What is the patient considered to be?

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

When administering intravenous (IV)fluids,the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult.When could dehydration become lethal?

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium.What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.What does 1 milliequivalent of potassium have the same combining power as?

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes.What level will this help to increase?

A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of: T 98.6° F,P 81,BP 130/86,R 32.What will result if this hyperventilation continues?

The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately _____ mL of water through respiration in the course of a day.

The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L.What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid.What is this ratio?

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined.What do they combine to form?

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.What is this process called?

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?

What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?

Evolution of Nursing

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing

Documentation

Communication

Nursing Process and Critical Thinking

Cultural and Ethnic Considerations

Asepsis and Infection Control

Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility

Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment

Safety

Vital Signs

Physical Assessment

Admission, Transfer, and Discharge

Surgical Wound Care

Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing

Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep

Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies

Mathematics and Medication Administration

Care of Patients with Alterations in Health

Life Span Development

Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death

Health Promotion and Pregnancy

Labor and Delivery

Care of the Mother and Newborn

Care of the High-Risk Mother, Newborn, and Family with Special Needs

Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent

Basic Pediatric Nursing Care

Care of the Child with a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder

Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult

Concepts of Mental Health

Care of the Patient with a Psychiatric Disorder

Care of the Patient with an Addictive Personality

Home Health Nursing

Long-Term Care

Rehabilitation Nursing

Hospice Care

Professional Roles and Leadership

Filters