Question 1

The experiment,which gave the first evidence for the existence of the atomic nucleus,involved which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  x-ray scattering 
B)  radioactive dating 
C)  cosmic ray detection 
D)  alpha scattering 
A)  x-ray scattering 
B)  radioactive dating 
C)  cosmic ray detection 
D)  alpha scattering

Question 2

Rutherford's experiments involving the use of alpha particle beams directed onto thin metal foils demonstrated the existence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutron 
B)  proton 
C)  nucleus 
D)  positron 
A)  neutron 
B)  proton 
C)  nucleus 
D)  positron

Question 3

The isotope 14C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  charcoal from a fire 
B)  a bronze implement from a cave 
C)  a bone buried in mud 
D)  All of the above can be dated using 14C. 
A)  charcoal from a fire 
B)  a bronze implement from a cave 
C)  a bone buried in mud 
D)  All of the above can be dated using 14C.

Question 4

Tritium is radioactive with a half-life of 12.33 years decaying into 3He with low-energy electron emission.If we have a sample of 4.79 × 1018 tritium atoms,what is its activity in decays/second? (1 year = 3.15 × 107 s)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.23E+10 decays/second 
B)  8.55E+9 decays/second 
C)  2.69E+17 decays/second 
D)  1.68E+17 decays/second 
E)  ​8.55E+9 decays/second 
A)  1.23E+10 decays/second 
B)  8.55E+9 decays/second 
C)  2.69E+17 decays/second 
D)  1.68E+17 decays/second 
E)  ​8.55E+9 decays/second

Question 5

In the beta decay of 14C,the existence of the antineutrino was required to maintain:

Accepted Answer

A)  energy conservation. 
B)  charge conservation. 
C)  conservation of the number of nucleons. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  energy conservation. 
B)  charge conservation. 
C)  conservation of the number of nucleons. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 6

The alpha emission process results in the daughter nucleus differing in what manner from the parent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atomic mass increases by one. 
B)  Atomic number decreases by two. 
C)  Atomic number increases by one. 
D)  Atomic mass decreases by two. 
A)  Atomic mass increases by one. 
B)  Atomic number decreases by two. 
C)  Atomic number increases by one. 
D)  Atomic mass decreases by two.

Question 7

Uranium-238 decays to Thorium-234 by emitting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  gamma 
D)  positron 
A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  gamma 
D)  positron

Question 8

If a fossil bone is found to contain 1/4 as much Carbon-14 as the bone of a living animal,what is the approximate age of the fossil? (half-life of 14C = 5 730 years)

Accepted Answer

A)  22,900 years 
B)  11,460 years 
C)  2,865 years 
D)  4,300 years 
E)  ​1,430 years 
A)  22,900 years 
B)  11,460 years 
C)  2,865 years 
D)  4,300 years 
E)  ​1,430 years

Question 9

The half-life of radioactive Technetium-99 is 6.0 hours.Find the number of 99Tc nuclei necessary to produce a sample of activity 1.9 µCi.(1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 decays/second)

Accepted Answer

A)  5.9E-2 
B)  2.2E+9 
C)  1.5E+9 
D)  6.1E+5 
E)  ​4.2E+5 
A)  5.9E-2 
B)  2.2E+9 
C)  1.5E+9 
D)  6.1E+5 
E)  ​4.2E+5

Question 10

Genetic radiation damage is:

Accepted Answer

A)  another name for somatic damage. 
B)  any radiation damage to a cell. 
C)  radiation damage affecting reproductive cells. 
D)  measured in roentgens. 
A)  another name for somatic damage. 
B)  any radiation damage to a cell. 
C)  radiation damage affecting reproductive cells. 
D)  measured in roentgens.

Question 11

Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge =2  x 1.6 x 10-19 C) have to approach to within 2.80 × 10−14 m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−19 C)? (ke = 8.99 × 109 N⋅m2/C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

Accepted Answer

A)  9.03E-10 MeV 
B)  4.64E+1 MeV 
C)  4.06 MeV 
D)  8.12 MeV 
E)  ​0.10 MeV 
A)  9.03E-10 MeV 
B)  4.64E+1 MeV 
C)  4.06 MeV 
D)  8.12 MeV 
E)  ​0.10 MeV

Question 12

If there are 146 neutrons in 238U,how many neutrons are found in the nucleus of 235U?

Accepted Answer

A)  141 
B)  143 
C)  145 
D)  147 
A)  141 
B)  143 
C)  145 
D)  147

Question 13

What particle is emitted when 240Pu decays to 236U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha 
B)  beta (electron) 
C)  beta (positron) 
D)  gamma quantum 
A)  alpha 
B)  beta (electron) 
C)  beta (positron) 
D)  gamma quantum

Question 14

There are samples of two different isotopes,X and Y.Both contain the same number of radioactive atoms.Sample X has a half-life twice that of Y.How do their decay rates compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  X has a greater rate than Y. 
B)  X has a smaller rate than Y. 
C)  The rates of X and Y are equal. 
D)  The rate depends on atomic number,not half-life. 
A)  X has a greater rate than Y. 
B)  X has a smaller rate than Y. 
C)  The rates of X and Y are equal. 
D)  The rate depends on atomic number,not half-life.

Question 15

Each of the three naturally occurring radioactive series start with one of the following isotopes except for which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  238U 
B)  235U 
C)  232Th 
D)  237Np 
A)  238U 
B)  235U 
C)  232Th 
D)  237Np

Question 16

The existence of the neutrino was postulated to account for which basic conservation laws during the beta decay process?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation of energy 
B)  conservation of momentum 
C)  Both choices a and b are valid. 
D)  None of the above choices are valid. 
A)  conservation of energy 
B)  conservation of momentum 
C)  Both choices a and b are valid. 
D)  None of the above choices are valid.

Question 17

The ratio of the numbers of neutrons to protons in the nucleus of naturally occurring isotopes tends to vary with atomic number in what manner?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases with greater atomic number 
B)  decreases with greater atomic number 
C)  is maximum for atomic number = 60 
D)  remains constant for entire range of atomic numbers 
A)  increases with greater atomic number 
B)  decreases with greater atomic number 
C)  is maximum for atomic number = 60 
D)  remains constant for entire range of atomic numbers

Question 18

The isotope 64Zn has a nuclear radius of 4.8 × 10−15 m.Approximately what is the nuclear radius of the isotope 27Al?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.0 × 10−15 m 
B)  2.7 × 10−15 m 
C)  3.6 × 10−15 m 
D)  4.0 × 10−15 m 
A)  2.0 × 10−15 m 
B)  2.7 × 10−15 m 
C)  3.6 × 10−15 m 
D)  4.0 × 10−15 m

Question 19

If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles,then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction is exothermic 
B)  reaction is endothermic 
C)  atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40 
D)  atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80 
A)  reaction is exothermic 
B)  reaction is endothermic 
C)  atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40 
D)  atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80

Question 20

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.How many years will elapse when the radioactivity of a tritium sample diminishes to 43% of its original value?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 years 
B)  15 years 
C)  5 years 
D)  67 years 
E)  ​10 years 
A)  0.1 years 
B)  15 years 
C)  5 years 
D)  67 years 
E)  ​10 years

Exam 29: Nuclear Physics

The experiment,which gave the first evidence for the existence of the atomic nucleus,involved which of the following?

Rutherford's experiments involving the use of alpha particle beams directed onto thin metal foils demonstrated the existence of which of the following?

The isotope 14C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

Tritium is radioactive with a half-life of 12.33 years decaying into 3He with low-energy electron emission.If we have a sample of 4.79 × 1018 tritium atoms,what is its activity in decays/second? (1 year = 3.15 × 107 s)

In the beta decay of 14C,the existence of the antineutrino was required to maintain:

The alpha emission process results in the daughter nucleus differing in what manner from the parent?

Uranium-238 decays to Thorium-234 by emitting which of the following?

If a fossil bone is found to contain 1/4 as much Carbon-14 as the bone of a living animal,what is the approximate age of the fossil? (half-life of 14C = 5 730 years)

The half-life of radioactive Technetium-99 is 6.0 hours.Find the number of 99Tc nuclei necessary to produce a sample of activity 1.9 µCi.(1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 decays/second)

Genetic radiation damage is:

Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge =2 x 1.6 x 10-19 C) have to approach to within 2.80 × 10−14 m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−19 C)? (ke = 8.99 × 109 N⋅m2/C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

If there are 146 neutrons in 238U,how many neutrons are found in the nucleus of 235U?

What particle is emitted when 240Pu decays to 236U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

There are samples of two different isotopes,X and Y.Both contain the same number of radioactive atoms.Sample X has a half-life twice that of Y.How do their decay rates compare?

Each of the three naturally occurring radioactive series start with one of the following isotopes except for which one?

The existence of the neutrino was postulated to account for which basic conservation laws during the beta decay process?

The ratio of the numbers of neutrons to protons in the nucleus of naturally occurring isotopes tends to vary with atomic number in what manner?

The isotope 64Zn has a nuclear radius of 4.8 × 10−15 m.Approximately what is the nuclear radius of the isotope 27Al?

If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles,then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.How many years will elapse when the radioactivity of a tritium sample diminishes to 43% of its original value?

Introduction

Introduction: Part A

Motion in One Dimension

Motion in One Dimension: Part A

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion: Part A

The Laws of Motion

The Laws of Motion: Part A

Energy

Energy: Part A

Momentum and Collisions

Momentum and Collisions: Part A

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity: Part A

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics: Part A

Solids and Fluids

Solids and Fluids: Part A

Thermal Physics

Thermal Physics: Part A

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy: Part A

The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes

The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes: Part A

Vibrations and Waves

Vibrations and Waves: Part A

Sound

Sound: Part A

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

Electric Forces and Electric Fields: Part A

Electrical Energy and Capacitance

Electrical Energy and Capacitance: Part A

Current and Resistance Electric Current

Current and Resistance Electric Current: Part A

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF: Part A

Magnetism Magnets

Magnetism Magnets: Part A

Induced Voltages and Inductance

Induced Voltages and Inductance: Part A

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves: Part A

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Reflection and Refraction of Light: Part A

Mirrors and Lenses

Mirrors and Lenses: Part A

Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Part A

Optical Instruments

Optical Instruments: Part A

Relativity

Relativity: Part A

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis: Part A

Atomic Physics

Atomic Physics: Part A

Nuclear Physics: Part A

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles: Part A

The isotope ¹⁴C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

Tritium is radioactive with a half-life of 12.33 years decaying into 3He with low-energy electron emission.If we have a sample of 4.79 × 10¹⁸ tritium atoms,what is its activity in decays/second? (1 year = 3.15 × 10⁷ s)

In the beta decay of ¹⁴C,the existence of the antineutrino was required to maintain:

If a fossil bone is found to contain 1/4 as much Carbon-14 as the bone of a living animal,what is the approximate age of the fossil? (half-life of ¹⁴C = 5 730 years)

The half-life of radioactive Technetium-99 is 6.0 hours.Find the number of ⁹⁹Tc nuclei necessary to produce a sample of activity 1.9 µCi.(1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays/second)

Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge =2 x 1.6 x 10^-19 C) have to approach to within 2.80 × 10−¹⁴ m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−¹⁹ C)? (k_e = 8.99 × 10⁹ N⋅m²/C² and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−¹³ J)

If there are 146 neutrons in ²³⁸U,how many neutrons are found in the nucleus of ²³⁵U?

What particle is emitted when ²⁴⁰Pu decays to ²³⁶U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

The isotope ⁶⁴Zn has a nuclear radius of 4.8 × 10−¹⁵ m.Approximately what is the nuclear radius of the isotope ²⁷Al?