Question 1

On a P-V diagram,if a process involves a closed curve,the area inside the curve represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal energy. 
B)  heat. 
C)  work. 
D)  zero. 
A)  internal energy. 
B)  heat. 
C)  work. 
D)  zero.

Question 2

On a P-V diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

Accepted Answer

A)  isobaric 
B)  isothermal 
C)  isovolumetric 
D)  adiabatic 
A)  isobaric 
B)  isothermal 
C)  isovolumetric 
D)  adiabatic

Question 3

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics,which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ΔU / Δt 
B)  ΔQ / Δt 
C)  W / Δt 
D)  ΔW / Δt 
A)  ΔU / Δt 
B)  ΔQ / Δt 
C)  W / Δt 
D)  ΔW / Δt

Question 4

According to the second law of thermodynamics,which of the following applies to the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  must be completely converted to work 
B)  equals the entropy increase 
C)  converted completely into internal energy 
D)  cannot be completely converted to work 
A)  must be completely converted to work 
B)  equals the entropy increase 
C)  converted completely into internal energy 
D)  cannot be completely converted to work

Question 5

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2 m3 and a pressure of 1.7 × 105 Pa at a temperature of 400 K.The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 900 K.The change in internal energy of the gas is +6.5 × 105 J.How much heat did the gas absorb?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  4.6 × 105 J 
C)  6.5 × 105 J 
D)  10.8 × 105 J 
E)  4.3 × 105 J 
A)  0 
B)  4.6 × 105 J 
C)  6.5 × 105 J 
D)  10.8 × 105 J 
E)  4.3 × 105 J

Question 6

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 2,000 kg slides a vertical distance of 180 m down a mountainside.If the temperature of the ice,snow,mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C,what is the change in entropy of the universe?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  25,846 J/K 
B)  12,923 J/K 
C)  6,462 J/K 
D)  4308 J/K 
E)  1,319 J/K 
A)  25,846 J/K 
B)  12,923 J/K 
C)  6,462 J/K 
D)  4308 J/K 
E)  1,319 J/K

Question 7

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  CP /CV 
B)  CV /CP 
C)  CP − CV 
D)  CP + CV 
A)  CP /CV 
B)  CV /CP 
C)  CP − CV 
D)  CP + CV

Question 8

A turbine takes in 1,200-K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 300 K.What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  56% 
B)  42% 
C)  75% 
D)  32% 
E)  ​24% 
A)  56% 
B)  42% 
C)  75% 
D)  32% 
E)  ​24%

Question 9

According to the first law of thermodynamics,the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  entropy change 
B)  internal energy change 
C)  temperature change 
D)  specific heat 
A)  entropy change 
B)  internal energy change 
C)  temperature change 
D)  specific heat

Question 10

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  −20 J 
B)  zero 
C)  +10 J 
D)  +20 J 
E)  ​−10 J 
A)  −20 J 
B)  zero 
C)  +10 J 
D)  +20 J 
E)  ​−10 J

Question 11

The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area.The work done by the heat engine,represented by the enclosed area,is positive when the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?

Accepted Answer

A)  clockwise 
B)  counterclockwise 
C)  It is always positive. 
D)  It is always negative. 
A)  clockwise 
B)  counterclockwise 
C)  It is always positive. 
D)  It is always negative.

Question 12

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change),which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

Accepted Answer

A)  its heat intake 
B)  twice its heat intake 
C)  the negative of its heat intake 
D)  twice the negative of its heat intake 
A)  its heat intake 
B)  twice its heat intake 
C)  the negative of its heat intake 
D)  twice the negative of its heat intake

Question 13

A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 33.8% operates between a high temperature T1 and a low temperature T2 = 370 K.If this engine operates with Carnot efficiency,what is the high-side temperature T1?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  1,095 K 
B)  844 K 
C)  1,275 K 
D)  559 K 
E)  ​245 K 
A)  1,095 K 
B)  844 K 
C)  1,275 K 
D)  559 K 
E)  ​245 K

Question 14

A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  isobaric. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  isovolumetric. 
D)  adiabatic. 
A)  isobaric. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  isovolumetric. 
D)  adiabatic.

Question 15

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?

Accepted Answer

A)  a stove as it heats up water 
B)  a refrigerator that is running 
C)  an electric fan that is running 
D)  none of the above,because it is impossible to transfer heat in this manner 
A)  a stove as it heats up water 
B)  a refrigerator that is running 
C)  an electric fan that is running 
D)  none of the above,because it is impossible to transfer heat in this manner

Question 16

A heat engine exhausts 3,200 J of heat while performing 1,500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  68% 
B)  32% 
C)  16% 
D)  50% 
E)  84% 
A)  68% 
B)  32% 
C)  16% 
D)  50% 
E)  84%

Question 17

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

Accepted Answer

A)  raising it to a greater height 
B)  throwing it through the air 
C)  having the rod conduct heat 
D)  having the rod absorb heat 
A)  raising it to a greater height 
B)  throwing it through the air 
C)  having the rod conduct heat 
D)  having the rod absorb heat

Question 18

During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 51 cal from the freezer compartment and expels 84 cal to the room.If one cycle occurs every 10 s,how many minutes will it take to freeze 550 g of water,initially at 0°C? (Lv = 80 cal/g)
​

Accepted Answer

A)  72 min 
B)  1,438 min 
C)  144 min 
D)  87 min 
E)  863 min 
A)  72 min 
B)  1,438 min 
C)  144 min 
D)  87 min 
E)  863 min

Question 19

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts,absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process.Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased entropy 
B)  lost entropy 
C)  entropy maintained constant 
D)  work converted to energy 
A)  increased entropy 
B)  lost entropy 
C)  entropy maintained constant 
D)  work converted to energy

Question 20

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  110 J 
B)  30 J 
C)  zero 
D)  −30 J 
E)  −110 J 
A)  110 J 
B)  30 J 
C)  zero 
D)  −30 J 
E)  −110 J

Exam 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes

On a P-V diagram,if a process involves a closed curve,the area inside the curve represents:

On a P-V diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics,which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

According to the second law of thermodynamics,which of the following applies to the heat received from a high temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 2,000 kg slides a vertical distance of 180 m down a mountainside.If the temperature of the ice,snow,mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C,what is the change in entropy of the universe? ​

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?

A turbine takes in 1,200-K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 300 K.What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system? ​

According to the first law of thermodynamics,the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that same system is equivalent to which of the following?

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system? ​

The P-V diagram of a cyclic process shows a curve that encloses an area.The work done by the heat engine,represented by the enclosed area,is positive when the path around the area proceeds in which of the following fashions?

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change),which of the following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?

A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 33.8% operates between a high temperature T1 and a low temperature T2 = 370 K.If this engine operates with Carnot efficiency,what is the high-side temperature T1? ​

A thermodynamic process that happens very quickly tends to be:

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?

A heat engine exhausts 3,200 J of heat while performing 1,500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine? ​

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 51 cal from the freezer compartment and expels 84 cal to the room.If one cycle occurs every 10 s,how many minutes will it take to freeze 550 g of water,initially at 0°C? (Lv = 80 cal/g) ​

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts,absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process.Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy? ​

Introduction

Introduction: Part A

Motion in One Dimension

Motion in One Dimension: Part A

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion: Part A

The Laws of Motion

The Laws of Motion: Part A

Energy

Energy: Part A

Momentum and Collisions

Momentum and Collisions: Part A

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity: Part A

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics: Part A

Solids and Fluids

Solids and Fluids: Part A

Thermal Physics

Thermal Physics: Part A

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy: Part A

The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes: Part A

Vibrations and Waves

Vibrations and Waves: Part A

Sound

Sound: Part A

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

Electric Forces and Electric Fields: Part A

Electrical Energy and Capacitance

Electrical Energy and Capacitance: Part A

Current and Resistance Electric Current

Current and Resistance Electric Current: Part A

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF: Part A

Magnetism Magnets

Magnetism Magnets: Part A

Induced Voltages and Inductance

Induced Voltages and Inductance: Part A

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves: Part A

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Reflection and Refraction of Light: Part A

Mirrors and Lenses

Mirrors and Lenses: Part A

Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Part A

Optical Instruments

Optical Instruments: Part A

Relativity

Relativity: Part A

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis: Part A

Atomic Physics

Atomic Physics: Part A

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Physics: Part A

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles: Part A

Particle Collisions, Mediating Photons, and Quark Structures: Exploring the Fundamentals of Physics

When considering human metabolism in terms of the 1^st Law of Thermodynamics,which of the following represents the metabolic rate?

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 2,000 kg slides a vertical distance of 180 m down a mountainside.If the temperature of the ice,snow,mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C,what is the change in entropy of the universe?

A turbine takes in 1,200-K steam and exhausts the steam at a temperature of 300 K.What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this system?

A 2-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process where it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment.How much heat is received by the system?

A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 33.8% operates between a high temperature T₁ and a low temperature T₂ = 370 K.If this engine operates with Carnot efficiency,what is the high-side temperature T₁?

A heat engine exhausts 3,200 J of heat while performing 1,500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine?

During each cycle of operation a refrigerator absorbs 51 cal from the freezer compartment and expels 84 cal to the room.If one cycle occurs every 10 s,how many minutes will it take to freeze 550 g of water,initially at 0°C? (L_v = 80 cal/g)

A system is acted on by its surroundings in such a way that it receives 70 J of heat while simultaneously doing 40 J of work.What is its net change in internal energy?