Exam 10: Independent Groups T -Test

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What would the value of eta-squared be if and independent t-test yielded an observed t value of -1.73 and the number of subjects in the placebo group was 10 and the number of subjects in the treatment group was 10.

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The independent groups t test is typically used to analyze the relationship between two variables when:

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The independent groups t test is quite robust to the assumption of homogeneity of variance when the _____ are _____.

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In an APA results section and independent groups t-test is written as follows t(82)= 5.66,p<0.05.Based on this information what are the degrees of freedom?

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A non-directional alternative hypothesis is written as _____.

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The calculation of eta-squared _____ when the statistical test is nonsignificant.

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The stronger the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable,the larger the sum of squares error should be relative to the sum of squares total,everything else being equal.

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Increasing ______ reduces the standard error of the difference.

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What factors influence the size of the standard error of the difference?

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Dr.Johnson is studying the effects of aspirin on heart rate.He believes that aspirin will lower heart rate.He has 2 groups the treatment group receives 80mg of aspirin for a week (n=4)the control group received a placebo (n=4)and their heart rates are compared.Below is his data in which heart rate is beats per minute.He sets his alpha level at 0.05 and uses a directional test. Dr.Johnson is studying the effects of aspirin on heart rate.He believes that aspirin will lower heart rate.He has 2 groups the treatment group receives 80mg of aspirin for a week (n=4)the control group received a placebo (n=4)and their heart rates are compared.Below is his data in which heart rate is beats per minute.He sets his alpha level at 0.05 and uses a directional test.   Is it possible that Dr.Johnson has_____. Is it possible that Dr.Johnson has_____.

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Eta-squared is a(n)_____ estimator in that it tends to slightly _____ the strength of the relationship in the population across random samples.

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If the observed t value exceeds the critical t value,then the difference between the sample means is most likely ____.

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If the variability of scores in the populations is held constant,then increasing sample sizes results in _____ in the standard error of the difference.

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A physical therapist is interested in whether people with different bone structures will be affected differently by her new therapy program.She randomly chooses two groups of patients based on bone type: small-boned frame (XS)and large-boned frame (XL).Patients all had similar injuries.She measures the number of days each person takes to progress to a predetermined point.Here is the data: A physical therapist is interested in whether people with different bone structures will be affected differently by her new therapy program.She randomly chooses two groups of patients based on bone type: small-boned frame (X<sub>S</sub>)and large-boned frame (X<sub>L</sub>).Patients all had similar injuries.She measures the number of days each person takes to progress to a predetermined point.Here is the data:   Based on the computed t value,what can you conclude? Based on the computed t value,what can you conclude?

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Given that your calculated t is 5.09 and there was a total of 62 subjects the strength of the relationship is_________.

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The set of all t values more extreme than the critical values constitute an unexpected result or,more formally,the rejection region.

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Suppose a researcher is reporting the results of an independent groups t test.If he obtained a statistically significant t value of 2.5 with 15 subjects in each group using an alpha level of .05,how would he report this in a psychological journal?

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Under certain conditions,the independent groups t test is robust to violations of the _____ and _____ assumptions.

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A physical therapist is interested in whether people with different bone structures will be affected differently by her new therapy program.She randomly chooses two groups of patients based on bone type: small-boned frame (XS)and large-boned frame (XL).Patients all had similar injuries.She measures the number of days each person takes to progress to a predetermined point.Here is the data: A physical therapist is interested in whether people with different bone structures will be affected differently by her new therapy program.She randomly chooses two groups of patients based on bone type: small-boned frame (X<sub>S</sub>)and large-boned frame (X<sub>L</sub>).Patients all had similar injuries.She measures the number of days each person takes to progress to a predetermined point.Here is the data:   What are the critical values of t if the alpha level is .05? What are the critical values of t if the alpha level is .05?

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The Levene test

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