Question 1

In the language of probability theory,the act of flipping a coin is called an event and each unique outcome is called a trial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A researcher wanted to compare eye color distributions of babies born with a birth defect with babies who did not have the birth defect.26 babies with the defect were matched on gender,race,and age with 52 babies without the defect.The frequency of different eye colors as a function of the presence or absence of the defects was as follows:
Eye Color
Group Dark Medium Light
Defect 1 6 19
No Defect 15 13 24
The values entered within the table (that is,1,6,19,15,13,24)are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cell frequencies 
B) marginal frequencies 
C) unit frequencies 
D) cell probabilities 
A) cell frequencies 
B) marginal frequencies 
C) unit frequencies 
D) cell probabilities

Question 3

The correspondence between the binomial and normal distributions:

Accepted Answer

A) improves as p becomes closer to .50 
B) improves as p becomes closer to .05 
C) improves as n increases 
D) a and c 
A) improves as p becomes closer to .50 
B) improves as p becomes closer to .05 
C) improves as n increases 
D) a and c

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conceptualizations of probability discussed in the text?

Accepted Answer

A) classical probability theory 
B) standard scores derived from probabilities 
C) estimation of probabilities from data 
D) events occurring in the long run 
A) classical probability theory 
B) standard scores derived from probabilities 
C) estimation of probabilities from data 
D) events occurring in the long run

Question 5

Using the example of an experiment on extrasensory perception (ESP)where an individual's claim that she possesses psychic powers is tested by asking her to predict the outcome of each of 10 tosses of a coin,distinguish between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

In the context of hypothesis testing,the

Question 6

A joint probability can be represented as p(A,B),where p(A,B)stands for the probability of both event A and event B occurring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The probability of drawing a red card from a deck of normal playing cards is .5 (half red,half black).A magician draws 12 cards from the deck.What is the probability that the magician draws 10 red cards?

Accepted Answer

A) .0002 
B) .004 
C) .016 
D) .064 
A) .0002 
B) .004 
C) .016 
D) .064

Question 8

A sample of 500 people aged 30 - 40 years old were interviewed to study the relationship between whether a person graduated from college or only high school and whether s/he changed jobs in the last 5 years.The results are found in the contingency table below.  
Answers below have been rounded to two decimal places.
What is the probability that an individual has not changed jobs,given that they have graduated from high school only?

Accepted Answer

A) .13 
B) .25 
C) .35 
D) .65 
A) .13 
B) .25 
C) .35 
D) .65

Question 9

If events A and B are independent,then ____.

Accepted Answer

A) p(A|
B) = p(
A)  
B) p(B|
A) = p(A|
B)  
C) p(
A) = (
B)  
D) none of these 
A) p(A|
B) = p(
A)  
B) p(B|
A) = p(A|
B)  
C) p(
A) = (
B)  
D) none of these

Question 10

Using the binomial expression to compute a probability requires ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a sequence of n independent trials 
B) more than 2 outcomes 
C) that the probability of success = .5 
D) that the probability of failure = 0 
A) a sequence of n independent trials 
B) more than 2 outcomes 
C) that the probability of success = .5 
D) that the probability of failure = 0

Question 11

Distinguish between sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacement.

Accepted Answer

The process of sampling with replacement

Question 12

Suppose you wanted a rat to learn a maze which included 3 choice points and each choice included 3 different directions.Assume only 1 choice can be correct at a time.What is the probability of a rat finding the goal without any errors?

Accepted Answer

A) 3! 
B) 27 
C) 1/9 
D) .3333 
A) 3! 
B) 27 
C) 1/9 
D) .3333

Question 13

A set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes and their associated probabilities is known as a probability distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Even though two events are related (nonindependent),this does not necessarily mean that:

Accepted Answer

A) one is dependent on the other 
B) one causes the other 
C) the joint probability is 0 
D) a and c 
A) one is dependent on the other 
B) one causes the other 
C) the joint probability is 0 
D) a and c

Question 15

Probability theory is important to understand because

Accepted Answer

A) understanding basic probability theory helps in understanding many statistical tests. 
B) probability is the foundation of inferential statistics used in psychology. 
C) probability is the foundation of many descriptive statistical techniques used in psychology. 
D) all of these 
A) understanding basic probability theory helps in understanding many statistical tests. 
B) probability is the foundation of inferential statistics used in psychology. 
C) probability is the foundation of many descriptive statistical techniques used in psychology. 
D) all of these

Question 16

If the probability of an experimental outcome that we observed was calculated to be less than .05 assuming the null hypothesis to be true,then we would ____.

Accepted Answer

A) accept the null hypothesis 
B) reject the null hypothesis 
C) fail to reject the null hypothesis 
D) change the alpha level 
A) accept the null hypothesis 
B) reject the null hypothesis 
C) fail to reject the null hypothesis 
D) change the alpha level

Question 17

What type of data table is useful for calculating probabilities?

Accepted Answer

A) frequency distribution 
B) means table 
C) contingency table 
D) marginal means table 
A) frequency distribution 
B) means table 
C) contingency table 
D) marginal means table

Question 18

Two outcomes are said to be mutually exclusive when it is possible for both outcomes to occur for a given individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If the size of a sample is approximately 5% or less of the population,sampling with versus without replacement will have a large affect on probabilities calculated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A sample of 500 people aged 30 - 40 years old were interviewed to study the relationship between whether a person graduated from college or only high school and whether s/he changed jobs in the last 5 years.The results are found in the contingency table below.  
Answers below have been rounded to two decimal places.What is the probability that an individual has changed jobs or they have graduated from college?

Accepted Answer

A) .49 
B) .64 
C) .87 
D) 1.13 
A) .49 
B) .64 
C) .87 
D) 1.13

In the language of probability theory,the act of flipping a coin is called an event and each unique outcome is called a trial.

The correspondence between the binomial and normal distributions:

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conceptualizations of probability discussed in the text?

Using the example of an experiment on extrasensory perception (ESP)where an individual's claim that she possesses psychic powers is tested by asking her to predict the outcome of each of 10 tosses of a coin,distinguish between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

A joint probability can be represented as p(A,B),where p(A,B)stands for the probability of both event A and event B occurring.

The probability of drawing a red card from a deck of normal playing cards is .5 (half red,half black).A magician draws 12 cards from the deck.What is the probability that the magician draws 10 red cards?

If events A and B are independent,then ____.

Using the binomial expression to compute a probability requires ____.

Distinguish between sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacement.

Suppose you wanted a rat to learn a maze which included 3 choice points and each choice included 3 different directions.Assume only 1 choice can be correct at a time.What is the probability of a rat finding the goal without any errors?

A set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes and their associated probabilities is known as a probability distribution.

Even though two events are related (nonindependent),this does not necessarily mean that:

Probability theory is important to understand because

If the probability of an experimental outcome that we observed was calculated to be less than .05 assuming the null hypothesis to be true,then we would ____.

What type of data table is useful for calculating probabilities?

Two outcomes are said to be mutually exclusive when it is possible for both outcomes to occur for a given individual.

If the size of a sample is approximately 5% or less of the population,sampling with versus without replacement will have a large affect on probabilities calculated.

Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries

Frequency and Probability Distributions

Percentiles percentile Ranks standard Scores and the Normal Distribution

Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

Estimation and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean

Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

Independent Groups T -Test

Correlated Groups T-Test

One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects

Chi-Square Test

Nonparametric Statistics

Two-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs

Filters

Exam 6: Probability

In the language of probability theory,the act of flipping a coin is called an event and each unique outcome is called a trial.

The correspondence between the binomial and normal distributions:

Which of the following is NOT one of the three conceptualizations of probability discussed in the text?

Using the example of an experiment on extrasensory perception (ESP)where an individual's claim that she possesses psychic powers is tested by asking her to predict the outcome of each of 10 tosses of a coin,distinguish between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

A joint probability can be represented as p(A,B),where p(A,B)stands for the probability of both event A and event B occurring.

The probability of drawing a red card from a deck of normal playing cards is .5 (half red,half black).A magician draws 12 cards from the deck.What is the probability that the magician draws 10 red cards?

If events A and B are independent,then ____.

Using the binomial expression to compute a probability requires ____.

Distinguish between sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacement.

Suppose you wanted a rat to learn a maze which included 3 choice points and each choice included 3 different directions.Assume only 1 choice can be correct at a time.What is the probability of a rat finding the goal without any errors?

A set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes and their associated probabilities is known as a probability distribution.

Even though two events are related (nonindependent),this does not necessarily mean that:

Probability theory is important to understand because

If the probability of an experimental outcome that we observed was calculated to be less than .05 assuming the null hypothesis to be true,then we would ____.

What type of data table is useful for calculating probabilities?

Two outcomes are said to be mutually exclusive when it is possible for both outcomes to occur for a given individual.

If the size of a sample is approximately 5% or less of the population,sampling with versus without replacement will have a large affect on probabilities calculated.

Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries

Frequency and Probability Distributions

Percentiles percentile Ranks standard Scores and the Normal Distribution

Pearson Correlation and Regression: Descriptive Aspects

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

Estimation and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing: Inferences About a Single Mean

Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

Independent Groups T -Test

Correlated Groups T-Test

One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

Pearson Correlation and Regression: Inferential Aspects

Chi-Square Test

Nonparametric Statistics

Two-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Overview and Extension: Statistical Tests for More Complex Designs

Filters