Question 1

An important first step when evaluating psychological research reported in the media is to

Accepted Answer

A) decide whether the report describes a survey or an experiment. 
B) determine whether the research was reported both on television and in printed material (e.g. ,newspapers,magazines). 
C) search the psychological literature for related information. 
D) go to the original source in which the research was reporteD. 
A) decide whether the report describes a survey or an experiment. 
B) determine whether the research was reported both on television and in printed material (e.g. ,newspapers,magazines). 
C) search the psychological literature for related information. 
D) go to the original source in which the research was reporteD.

Question 2

Before beginning a research project,researchers should search the psychological literature about their topic

Accepted Answer

A) to stop the research if the study or a similar one has already been done. 
B) to demonstrate that no one has had a similar idea. 
C) in order to develop research hypotheses. 
D) all of these 
A) to stop the research if the study or a similar one has already been done. 
B) to demonstrate that no one has had a similar idea. 
C) in order to develop research hypotheses. 
D) all of these

Question 3

When using an empirical approach,psychologists focus on

Accepted Answer

A) using computers and other technology to understand people. 
B) pseudoscientific topics such as clairvoyance and telepathy. 
C) behaviors and experiences that can be observed directly. 
D) the "black box" between a stimulus and a response. 
A) using computers and other technology to understand people. 
B) pseudoscientific topics such as clairvoyance and telepathy. 
C) behaviors and experiences that can be observed directly. 
D) the "black box" between a stimulus and a response.

Question 4

The most important characteristic of the scientific method is the

Accepted Answer

A) computer revolution. 
B) theoretical perspective of behaviorism. 
C) empirical approach. 
D) cognitive approach. 
A) computer revolution. 
B) theoretical perspective of behaviorism. 
C) empirical approach. 
D) cognitive approach.

Question 5

Scientists' choice of topics to study,resources available to support their research,and society's acceptance of their findings is most influenced by

Accepted Answer

A) their moral integrity. 
B) the American Psychological Association. 
C) the social and cultural context in which they work. 
D) the number of research articles found in a literature search. 
A) their moral integrity. 
B) the American Psychological Association. 
C) the social and cultural context in which they work. 
D) the number of research articles found in a literature search.

Question 6

The parallel in attempting to understand truth based on legal evidence and scientific evidence is that in both cases

Accepted Answer

A) we can make decisions with absolute certainty. 
B) the decisions we make depend on the quality and extent of evidence. 
C) we make our decisions based on subjective impressions of people. 
D) decisions are reliable and accurate. 
A) we can make decisions with absolute certainty. 
B) the decisions we make depend on the quality and extent of evidence. 
C) we make our decisions based on subjective impressions of people. 
D) decisions are reliable and accurate.

Question 7

The development of psychophysical methods and reaction time experiments at the end of the 19th century was important to emerging field of psychology because these methods

Accepted Answer

A) paved the way for psychology to become a quantifiable,laboratory-based science. 
B) were instrumental in the development of behaviorism in the 20th century. 
C) linked psychology with spiritualism in the public's mind. 
D) allowed researchers to gain understanding about mental telepathy and clairvoyance. 
A) paved the way for psychology to become a quantifiable,laboratory-based science. 
B) were instrumental in the development of behaviorism in the 20th century. 
C) linked psychology with spiritualism in the public's mind. 
D) allowed researchers to gain understanding about mental telepathy and clairvoyance.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false regarding searching the psychological literature before beginning a research project?

Accepted Answer

A) The process of conducting a literature search can provide a wealth of ideas for research projects. 
B) The process of conducting a literature search should be discouraging for a researcher who finds that other researchers have investigated the same or similar ideas. 
C) The process of conducting a literature search reminds researchers that science is a cumulative endeavor,with current research building on previous research. 
D) The process of conducting a literature search is much less tedious than it used to be without computers. 
A) The process of conducting a literature search can provide a wealth of ideas for research projects. 
B) The process of conducting a literature search should be discouraging for a researcher who finds that other researchers have investigated the same or similar ideas. 
C) The process of conducting a literature search reminds researchers that science is a cumulative endeavor,with current research building on previous research. 
D) The process of conducting a literature search is much less tedious than it used to be without computers.

Question 9

That a search of the psychological literature usually reveals that other persons have investigated the same question we are studying reveals

Accepted Answer

A) how difficult it is to do psychological research. 
B) that we will need to take a different approach. 
C) that science is a cumulative endeavor. 
D) that scientists have answered most of the important questions. 
A) how difficult it is to do psychological research. 
B) that we will need to take a different approach. 
C) that science is a cumulative endeavor. 
D) that scientists have answered most of the important questions.

Question 10

In order to make decisions about ethical dilemmas in research,psychologists consult

Accepted Answer

A) the American Psychological Association's ethical principles. 
B) the psychological literature related to their topic. 
C) the local,state,and federal agencies most relevant to their work. 
D) their attorneys. 
A) the American Psychological Association's ethical principles. 
B) the psychological literature related to their topic. 
C) the local,state,and federal agencies most relevant to their work. 
D) their attorneys.

Question 11

According to some clinical psychologists,the practice of present-day clinical psychology

Accepted Answer

A) relies too heavily on personal experience rather than empirically-supported treatments. 
B) resembles the pre-scientific medical practice that took place in the 1800s and early 1900s. 
C) does not make use of the latest scientific findings from psychological research. 
D) all of these 
A) relies too heavily on personal experience rather than empirically-supported treatments. 
B) resembles the pre-scientific medical practice that took place in the 1800s and early 1900s. 
C) does not make use of the latest scientific findings from psychological research. 
D) all of these

Question 12

Public criticism of psychological research seems to occur primarily when

Accepted Answer

A) the research findings go against strongly held personal beliefs. 
B) the media seeks to make a trivial topic more controversial than it is. 
C) the research was conducted in a laboratory setting. 
D) the research was poorly conducteD. 
A) the research findings go against strongly held personal beliefs. 
B) the media seeks to make a trivial topic more controversial than it is. 
C) the research was conducted in a laboratory setting. 
D) the research was poorly conducteD.

Question 13

A potential problem that arises when evaluating research findings presented in the media (e.g. ,television,newspapers)is that

Accepted Answer

A) important aspects of the research method are likely not reported. 
B) those reporting the findings have little financial stake in the public's acceptance of the findings. 
C) the findings may be from research studies conducted in other countries. 
D) all of these 
A) important aspects of the research method are likely not reported. 
B) those reporting the findings have little financial stake in the public's acceptance of the findings. 
C) the findings may be from research studies conducted in other countries. 
D) all of these

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) No single research methodology can answer all of psychology's questions. 
B) Researchers gain a more complete understanding of behavior by emphasizing one particular method when investigating their research question. 
C) Any one method or measure of behavior is likely flawed or incomplete. 
D) A multimethod approach to a research question allows researchers to overcome the flaws associated with any one particular methoD. 
A) No single research methodology can answer all of psychology's questions. 
B) Researchers gain a more complete understanding of behavior by emphasizing one particular method when investigating their research question. 
C) Any one method or measure of behavior is likely flawed or incomplete. 
D) A multimethod approach to a research question allows researchers to overcome the flaws associated with any one particular methoD.

Question 15

Three ways that we can characterize the context in which science occurs include

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral,cognitive,and neuroscience. 
B) historical,social/cultural,and moral. 
C) legal,scientific,and clinical. 
D) philosophical,hypothetical,and ethnocentric. 
A) behavioral,cognitive,and neuroscience. 
B) historical,social/cultural,and moral. 
C) legal,scientific,and clinical. 
D) philosophical,hypothetical,and ethnocentric.

Question 16

When considering a possible research question to investigate,a student wishes to seek advice from psychology instructors about whether to conduct a study to answer the research question.Which of the following questions would help the student identify whether the research question is a good one?

Accepted Answer

A) Is it possible for me to get on television if I conduct research in this area? 
B) Could I get money from this school to help pay for the research? 
C) Is this question important for the science of psychology? 
D) Could I conduct this research project by myself? 
A) Is it possible for me to get on television if I conduct research in this area? 
B) Could I get money from this school to help pay for the research? 
C) Is this question important for the science of psychology? 
D) Could I conduct this research project by myself?

Question 17

Scientific skepticism refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) claims about phenomena should be tested and untestable claims should be rejected. 
B) scientists automatically assume that unconventional interpretations of phenomena could not be true. 
C) scientists do not trust anything or anyone. 
D) it's permissible to accept explanations for phenomena as true until testing is completeD. 
A) claims about phenomena should be tested and untestable claims should be rejected. 
B) scientists automatically assume that unconventional interpretations of phenomena could not be true. 
C) scientists do not trust anything or anyone. 
D) it's permissible to accept explanations for phenomena as true until testing is completeD.

Question 18

An example of a violation of scientific integrity is

Accepted Answer

A) using the number of scientific publications authored by a researcher to make decisions about professional advancement. 
B) selectively reporting research findings when making a claim about behavior. 
C) using animal subjects in research. 
D) attending to societal issues when choosing research questions. 
A) using the number of scientific publications authored by a researcher to make decisions about professional advancement. 
B) selectively reporting research findings when making a claim about behavior. 
C) using animal subjects in research. 
D) attending to societal issues when choosing research questions.

Question 19

A source of bias that may originate when we attempt to understand another culture through the framework or lens of our own culture is called

Accepted Answer

A) egotism. 
B) anthropomorphism. 
C) nomotheticism. 
D) ethnocentrism. 
A) egotism. 
B) anthropomorphism. 
C) nomotheticism. 
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 20

The statement of a research hypothesis includes

Accepted Answer

A) a predicted outcome and an explanation for the outcome. 
B) an explanation for why a particular behavior is under investigation. 
C) an overview of previous research findings regarding the topiC. 
D) all of these 
A) a predicted outcome and an explanation for the outcome. 
B) an explanation for why a particular behavior is under investigation. 
C) an overview of previous research findings regarding the topiC. 
D) all of these

An important first step when evaluating psychological research reported in the media is to

Before beginning a research project,researchers should search the psychological literature about their topic

When using an empirical approach,psychologists focus on

The most important characteristic of the scientific method is the

Scientists' choice of topics to study,resources available to support their research,and society's acceptance of their findings is most influenced by

The parallel in attempting to understand truth based on legal evidence and scientific evidence is that in both cases

The development of psychophysical methods and reaction time experiments at the end of the 19^th century was important to emerging field of psychology because these methods

Which of the following statements is false regarding searching the psychological literature before beginning a research project?

That a search of the psychological literature usually reveals that other persons have investigated the same question we are studying reveals

In order to make decisions about ethical dilemmas in research,psychologists consult

According to some clinical psychologists,the practice of present-day clinical psychology

Public criticism of psychological research seems to occur primarily when

A potential problem that arises when evaluating research findings presented in the media (e.g. ,television,newspapers)is that

Which of the following statements is false?

Three ways that we can characterize the context in which science occurs include

When considering a possible research question to investigate,a student wishes to seek advice from psychology instructors about whether to conduct a study to answer the research question.Which of the following questions would help the student identify whether the research question is a good one?

Scientific skepticism refers to the idea that

An example of a violation of scientific integrity is

A source of bias that may originate when we attempt to understand another culture through the framework or lens of our own culture is called

The statement of a research hypothesis includes

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

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Exam 1: Introduction

An important first step when evaluating psychological research reported in the media is to

Before beginning a research project,researchers should search the psychological literature about their topic

When using an empirical approach,psychologists focus on

The most important characteristic of the scientific method is the

Scientists' choice of topics to study,resources available to support their research,and society's acceptance of their findings is most influenced by

The parallel in attempting to understand truth based on legal evidence and scientific evidence is that in both cases

The development of psychophysical methods and reaction time experiments at the end of the 19th century was important to emerging field of psychology because these methods

Which of the following statements is false regarding searching the psychological literature before beginning a research project?

That a search of the psychological literature usually reveals that other persons have investigated the same question we are studying reveals

In order to make decisions about ethical dilemmas in research,psychologists consult

According to some clinical psychologists,the practice of present-day clinical psychology

Public criticism of psychological research seems to occur primarily when

A potential problem that arises when evaluating research findings presented in the media (e.g. ,television,newspapers)is that

Which of the following statements is false?

Three ways that we can characterize the context in which science occurs include

When considering a possible research question to investigate,a student wishes to seek advice from psychology instructors about whether to conduct a study to answer the research question.Which of the following questions would help the student identify whether the research question is a good one?

Scientific skepticism refers to the idea that

An example of a violation of scientific integrity is

A source of bias that may originate when we attempt to understand another culture through the framework or lens of our own culture is called

The statement of a research hypothesis includes

The Scientifi C Method

Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research

Observation

Survey Research

Independent Groups Designs

Repeated Measures Designs

Complex Designs

Single-Case Designs and Small-N Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Program Evaluation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part I Describing Data,confi Dence Intervals, Correlation

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Part II Tests of Statisticalsignifi Cance and the Analysis Story

Communication in Psychology

Filters

The development of psychophysical methods and reaction time experiments at the end of the 19^th century was important to emerging field of psychology because these methods