Exam 6: Independent Groups Designs

Researchers found a relationship between insults and aggressive behavior for 5-year olds.If they want to test the external validity of the conceptual relationship between insults and aggressive behavior for a sample of 35-year olds,they should

A researcher observes that the mean difference between two conditions is 2.0 and the average variability in participants' scores is 4.0.The effect size,Cohen's d,for this experiment is _______.

Which of the following arises when the independent variable of interest and a potential independent variable are allowed to covary?

If participants know they have been given alcohol,they may expect certain effects such as giddiness or relaxation.The general term for such cues that guide participants' behavior in a study is

The most common solution to the problem of forming comparable groups in the random groups design is

Figure: A researcher tested whether exposure to images of very thin fashion models causes young women to be dissatisfied with their own body,compared to exposure to athletic body images or neutral (non-body)images.She randomly assigned 60 women from an introductory psychology course to one of three exposure conditions: very thin female body images,athletic female images,or neutral images.Each condition had 10 images,projected individually on a large screen.The young women participated in small groups.Each image was displayed for 1 minute,for a total of 10 minutes of exposure.After viewing each image,participants wrote for 30 seconds a description of the image (the participants were led to believe their memory was being tested).After viewing the images,the women completed a questionnaire about satisfaction with their body.Negative scores indicate body dissatisfaction and positive scores indicate satisfaction with their body.The mean scores for each condition were as follows: -Assume the average variability of participants' body satisfaction scores is 1.0.Based on this we can state that the effect of viewing very thin images compared to athletic images is

A researcher has read a research report indicating that a certain medication has been found to be effective when tested on men.The researcher plans to do an experiment testing the effectiveness of the same medication but in his experiment both men and women will be tested.The researcher is planning to do a

Figure: A researcher tested whether exposure to images of very thin fashion models causes young women to be dissatisfied with their own body,compared to exposure to athletic body images or neutral (non-body)images.She randomly assigned 60 women from an introductory psychology course to one of three exposure conditions: very thin female body images,athletic female images,or neutral images.Each condition had 10 images,projected individually on a large screen.The young women participated in small groups.Each image was displayed for 1 minute,for a total of 10 minutes of exposure.After viewing each image,participants wrote for 30 seconds a description of the image (the participants were led to believe their memory was being tested).After viewing the images,the women completed a questionnaire about satisfaction with their body.Negative scores indicate body dissatisfaction and positive scores indicate satisfaction with their body.The mean scores for each condition were as follows: -The alternative explanation that participants in the very thin image condition had lower body satisfaction than other participants before they viewed the experimental images is ruled out because the researcher

.Which of the following best describes the outcome of this clinical trial?

The three steps of data analysis are

A cognitive psychologist wants to do an experiment testing the memory of elderly people.She has the following constraints: only 12 people available as possible participants and the independent variable she is manipulating requires the use of separate groups for each condition.The psychologist has a reliable and valid pretest she plans to use.Which design is this psychologist likely to use?

Figure: A researcher tested whether exposure to images of very thin fashion models causes young women to be dissatisfied with their own body,compared to exposure to athletic body images or neutral (non-body)images.She randomly assigned 60 women from an introductory psychology course to one of three exposure conditions: very thin female body images,athletic female images,or neutral images.Each condition had 10 images,projected individually on a large screen.The young women participated in small groups.Each image was displayed for 1 minute,for a total of 10 minutes of exposure.After viewing each image,participants wrote for 30 seconds a description of the image (the participants were led to believe their memory was being tested).After viewing the images,the women completed a questionnaire about satisfaction with their body.Negative scores indicate body dissatisfaction and positive scores indicate satisfaction with their body.The mean scores for each condition were as follows: -The scores on the questionnaire about body satisfaction represent the

A researcher was interested in whether divorce and remarriage influence the extent to which children are sociable. At a nearby school, the researcher classified 5th-graders into one of three groups: intact parents (no divorce), divorced (single-parent families), and remarried parents. The researcher interviewed the 5th-graders and rated their sociability, and also asked them to complete a questionnaire that assessed their level of comfort of different social situations. -Describe the dependent variable(s)in this study.

A researcher examined participants' memory following emotionally shocking events by manipulating whether participants viewed a violent or a nonviolent version of a video.The video in the two conditions was identical except for two seconds in which the violence variable was manipulated.That the video was identical except for the manipulation represents the control technique of

The characteristics of the participants tested in an experiment are called individual differences variables.Individual differences among participants are controlled in an experiment by

Two control techniques that allow researchers to rule out alternative explanations for an outcome are balancing and

Figure: A researcher tested whether exposure to images of very thin fashion models causes young women to be dissatisfied with their own body,compared to exposure to athletic body images or neutral (non-body)images.She randomly assigned 60 women from an introductory psychology course to one of three exposure conditions: very thin female body images,athletic female images,or neutral images.Each condition had 10 images,projected individually on a large screen.The young women participated in small groups.Each image was displayed for 1 minute,for a total of 10 minutes of exposure.After viewing each image,participants wrote for 30 seconds a description of the image (the participants were led to believe their memory was being tested).After viewing the images,the women completed a questionnaire about satisfaction with their body.Negative scores indicate body dissatisfaction and positive scores indicate satisfaction with their body.The mean scores for each condition were as follows: -The three image conditions represent the

A researcher computes a .95 confidence interval for an experimental group to be 2.0 - 8.0,and computes a .95 confidence interval for a control group to be 0.0 - 4.0.Based on these confidence intervals,the researcher can state that

A statistically significant outcome is an outcome that

Which of the following is the best way to determine whether the differences in means obtained in an experiment are reliable?