Question 1

What is a major problem posed by cross-sectional data?

Accepted Answer

A) age effect 
B) cohort effect 
C) both a & b 
D) a only 
A) age effect 
B) cohort effect 
C) both a & b 
D) a only C

Question 2

Research shows that adolescents who come from ________ families demonstrate lower alcohol use even after controlling for race/ethnicity, family income, and age.

Accepted Answer

A) one-parent 
B) two-parent 
C) immigrant 
D) non-immigrant 
A) one-parent 
B) two-parent 
C) immigrant 
D) non-immigrant B

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding stressors and amount of drinking?

Accepted Answer

A) higher levels of health specific stressors led to fewer drinking problems 
B) non-health related stressors were associated with increased drinking problems 
C) both a & b 
D) a only 
A) higher levels of health specific stressors led to fewer drinking problems 
B) non-health related stressors were associated with increased drinking problems 
C) both a & b 
D) a only C

Question 4

How does cohort effects pose a problem for research regarding ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use?

Accepted Answer

A) Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
B) Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
C) Since different age cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
D) Since different age cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
A) Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
B) Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
C) Since different age cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times 
D) Since different age cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times

Question 5

Alcohol studies have shown that early age of drinking is a ____________ rather than a ___________ factor on subsequent alcohol dependence.

Accepted Answer

A) causal, indirect 
B) maker, causal 
C) direct, indirect 
D) marker, indirect 
A) causal, indirect 
B) maker, causal 
C) direct, indirect 
D) marker, indirect

Question 6

Studies show that more drinking problems have been found for :

Accepted Answer

A) late onset drinkers 
B) earlier onset drinkers 
C) neither a or b 
D) both a & b 
A) late onset drinkers 
B) earlier onset drinkers 
C) neither a or b 
D) both a & b

Question 7

What limitations were faced by past research regarding adolescent problem drinking?

Accepted Answer

A) items on questionnaires were designed for adults 
B) context and meaning of drinking for adolescents are different from adults 
C) adolescent drinking problems mostly pertained to occasions or episodes whereas problems for adult pertain to chronic consumption 
D) all of the above 
A) items on questionnaires were designed for adults 
B) context and meaning of drinking for adolescents are different from adults 
C) adolescent drinking problems mostly pertained to occasions or episodes whereas problems for adult pertain to chronic consumption 
D) all of the above

Question 8

What is the problem of labeling alcohol and tobacco as "gateway drugs?"

Accepted Answer

A) it only describes the sequences in which users move from one drug to another but does not explain the underlying mechanisms for how they influence the use of other drugs 
B) it may lead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be more eventual use of the illicit drugs 
C) it may mislead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be less eventual use of the illicit drugs 
D) a & c only 
A) it only describes the sequences in which users move from one drug to another but does not explain the underlying mechanisms for how they influence the use of other drugs 
B) it may lead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be more eventual use of the illicit drugs 
C) it may mislead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be less eventual use of the illicit drugs 
D) a & c only

Question 9

According to the 2006 NSDUH study, cigarette smoking was highest for which of the following age group?

Accepted Answer

A) 18-21 
B) 21-25 
C) 25-30 
D) 30-35 
A) 18-21 
B) 21-25 
C) 25-30 
D) 30-35

Question 10

About one-third of adolescents and young adults fall into which of the following drinking groups?

Accepted Answer

A) abstainers 
B) light drinkers 
C) moderate 
D) heavy 
A) abstainers 
B) light drinkers 
C) moderate 
D) heavy

Question 11

Comparing present data with information collected earlier would be considered a:

Accepted Answer

A) cross sectional design 
B) longitudinal design 
C) retrospective longitudinal design 
D) prospective longitudinal design 
A) cross sectional design 
B) longitudinal design 
C) retrospective longitudinal design 
D) prospective longitudinal design

Question 12

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for binge drinking?

Accepted Answer

A) white 
B) fraternity/sorority member 
C) athlete 
D) male 
A) white 
B) fraternity/sorority member 
C) athlete 
D) male

Question 13

All but which of the following findings is true for increased prevalence in smoking cessation based on the National Health Interview Survey results from 1965-1994?

Accepted Answer

A) smoking cessation is higher for men than for women 
B) smoking cessation rose with higher educational attainment 
C) smoking cessation is higher for women than for men 
D) smoking cessation is higher for whites compared with blacks 
A) smoking cessation is higher for men than for women 
B) smoking cessation rose with higher educational attainment 
C) smoking cessation is higher for women than for men 
D) smoking cessation is higher for whites compared with blacks

Question 14

A study which examined the relationship between positive expectancies of alcohol and drinking problems of construction, manufacturing and transportation workers showed:

Accepted Answer

A) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had increased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies 
B) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held low alcohol expectancies 
C) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies 
D) a & b only 
A) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had increased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies 
B) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held low alcohol expectancies 
C) Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies 
D) a & b only

Question 15

According to the 2006 Monitoring the future survey,

Accepted Answer

A) cigarettes was the most frequently used drug 
B) tobacco was the most frequently used drug 
C) alcohol was the most frequently used drug 
D) alcohol and cigarettes was the most frequently used drugs 
A) cigarettes was the most frequently used drug 
B) tobacco was the most frequently used drug 
C) alcohol was the most frequently used drug 
D) alcohol and cigarettes was the most frequently used drugs

Question 16

The period effect refers to the influence of the _____________ in which the person lived

Accepted Answer

A) historical era 
B) home environment 
C) country 
D) state 
A) historical era 
B) home environment 
C) country 
D) state

Question 17

About what percent of adolescents fall into the late-onset heavy-drinkers?

Accepted Answer

A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 20% 
D) 30% 
A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 20% 
D) 30%

Question 18

According to several large surveys of college students drinking conducted in the 1980's, which of the following findings were found?

Accepted Answer

A) 10% of American college students were heavy drinkers 
B) 40% of American college students were heavy drinkers 
C) males drank more often and in larger quantities than female students 
D) b & c only 
A) 10% of American college students were heavy drinkers 
B) 40% of American college students were heavy drinkers 
C) males drank more often and in larger quantities than female students 
D) b & c only

Question 19

Increases in frequency of drinking over the college years was strongly associated with residence in a fraternity or sorority which suggests that such organizations have

Accepted Answer

A) drink-friendly environments 
B) a selection process that chooses students with interests in drinking at parties 
C) both a & c 
D) a only 
A) drink-friendly environments 
B) a selection process that chooses students with interests in drinking at parties 
C) both a & c 
D) a only

Question 20

Which of the following applies to the beliefs of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A) drinking is an adult activity that they avoid 
B) being young and relatively healthy, they can control their drug use 
C) curiosity, conformity, defiance, add to the allure of drug use 
D) b & c 
A) drinking is an adult activity that they avoid 
B) being young and relatively healthy, they can control their drug use 
C) curiosity, conformity, defiance, add to the allure of drug use 
D) b & c

What is a major problem posed by cross-sectional data?

Research shows that adolescents who come from ________ families demonstrate lower alcohol use even after controlling for race/ethnicity, family income, and age.

Which of the following is true regarding stressors and amount of drinking?

How does cohort effects pose a problem for research regarding ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use?

Alcohol studies have shown that early age of drinking is a __ rather than a _ factor on subsequent alcohol dependence.

Studies show that more drinking problems have been found for :

What limitations were faced by past research regarding adolescent problem drinking?

What is the problem of labeling alcohol and tobacco as "gateway drugs?"

According to the 2006 NSDUH study, cigarette smoking was highest for which of the following age group?

About one-third of adolescents and young adults fall into which of the following drinking groups?

Comparing present data with information collected earlier would be considered a:

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for binge drinking?

All but which of the following findings is true for increased prevalence in smoking cessation based on the National Health Interview Survey results from 1965-1994?

A study which examined the relationship between positive expectancies of alcohol and drinking problems of construction, manufacturing and transportation workers showed:

According to the 2006 Monitoring the future survey,

The period effect refers to the influence of the _____________ in which the person lived

About what percent of adolescents fall into the late-onset heavy-drinkers?

According to several large surveys of college students drinking conducted in the 1980's, which of the following findings were found?

Increases in frequency of drinking over the college years was strongly associated with residence in a fraternity or sorority which suggests that such organizations have

Which of the following applies to the beliefs of adolescents?

Psychology of Alcohol and Other Drugs

Theories of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Alcohol and Other Drugs: Use, Abuse, and Dependence

The Extent of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Neurobiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Heredity and Environment: Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Basic Psychology Processes

Interpersonal Processes

Family Processes

Gender Differences in Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Minority Groups: Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Recovering From Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Relapse After Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Disorders

Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems

Filters

Exam 10: Age and Alcohol and Other Drug Use

What is a major problem posed by cross-sectional data?

Research shows that adolescents who come from ________ families demonstrate lower alcohol use even after controlling for race/ethnicity, family income, and age.

Which of the following is true regarding stressors and amount of drinking?

How does cohort effects pose a problem for research regarding ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use?

Alcohol studies have shown that early age of drinking is a ____________ rather than a ___________ factor on subsequent alcohol dependence.

Studies show that more drinking problems have been found for :

What limitations were faced by past research regarding adolescent problem drinking?

What is the problem of labeling alcohol and tobacco as "gateway drugs?"

According to the 2006 NSDUH study, cigarette smoking was highest for which of the following age group?

About one-third of adolescents and young adults fall into which of the following drinking groups?

Comparing present data with information collected earlier would be considered a:

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for binge drinking?

All but which of the following findings is true for increased prevalence in smoking cessation based on the National Health Interview Survey results from 1965-1994?

A study which examined the relationship between positive expectancies of alcohol and drinking problems of construction, manufacturing and transportation workers showed:

According to the 2006 Monitoring the future survey,

The period effect refers to the influence of the _____________ in which the person lived

About what percent of adolescents fall into the late-onset heavy-drinkers?

According to several large surveys of college students drinking conducted in the 1980's, which of the following findings were found?

Increases in frequency of drinking over the college years was strongly associated with residence in a fraternity or sorority which suggests that such organizations have

Which of the following applies to the beliefs of adolescents?

Psychology of Alcohol and Other Drugs

Theories of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Alcohol and Other Drugs: Use, Abuse, and Dependence

The Extent of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Neurobiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Heredity and Environment: Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Basic Psychology Processes

Interpersonal Processes

Family Processes

Gender Differences in Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Minority Groups: Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Recovering From Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies

Relapse After Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Disorders

Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems

Filters

Alcohol studies have shown that early age of drinking is a __ rather than a _ factor on subsequent alcohol dependence.