Question 1

Which of the following measures of effectiveness is not a surrogate measure?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholesterol level 
B) Blood pressure 
C) Tumor size 
D) Hip fracture 
E) Bone-mass density (BM
D)  
A) Cholesterol level 
B) Blood pressure 
C) Tumor size 
D) Hip fracture 
E) Bone-mass density (BM
D)  D

Question 2

Many European countries are now requiring that data for an economic evaluation be collected simultaneously during the clinical trials conducted for pharmaceutical approval.This practice is so common that it is being referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) the fourth hurdle 
B) pharmacoeconomics 
C) clinical economics 
D) phase III economics 
E) CE trials 
A) the fourth hurdle 
B) pharmacoeconomics 
C) clinical economics 
D) phase III economics 
E) CE trials A

Question 3

The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include

Accepted Answer

A) Pain and suffering 
B) Lost productivity at work 
C) The cost of home remodeling to accommodate a physical handicap 
D) Potential income lost due to premature death 
E) All of the above are intangible costs 
A) Pain and suffering 
B) Lost productivity at work 
C) The cost of home remodeling to accommodate a physical handicap 
D) Potential income lost due to premature death 
E) All of the above are intangible costs A

Question 4

The direct costs in an economic evaluation include the all the following except

Accepted Answer

A) hospitalization 
B) medical devices 
C) transportation to and from the physician's office 
D) reduced productivity at work 
E) All of the above 
A) hospitalization 
B) medical devices 
C) transportation to and from the physician's office 
D) reduced productivity at work 
E) All of the above

Question 5

When measuring effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include

Accepted Answer

A) recurrence of the disease 
B) death 
C) bone-mass density (BM
D)  
D) hip fractures 
E) scores on standard evaluative exams such as EuroQol or SF-36 
A) recurrence of the disease 
B) death 
C) bone-mass density (BM
D)  
D) hip fractures 
E) scores on standard evaluative exams such as EuroQol or SF-36

Question 6

The first country to require standardized cost-effectiveness analysis before a pharmaceutical drug would be approved for distribution and reimbursement was

Accepted Answer

A) the UK 
B) France 
C) Sweden 
D) Norway 
E) Australia 
A) the UK 
B) France 
C) Sweden 
D) Norway 
E) Australia

Question 7

Researchers estimate QALYs in a number of different ways.One popular approach is called

Accepted Answer

A) the probability approach 
B) the QoL approach 
C) the standard gamble 
D) the standard measure of well-being 
E) the utility of life approach 
A) the probability approach 
B) the QoL approach 
C) the standard gamble 
D) the standard measure of well-being 
E) the utility of life approach

Question 8

The standard cut-off for cost per QALY is

Accepted Answer

A) equal to per capita income 
B) 2 times per capita income 
C) 3 times per capita income 
D) 4 times per capita income 
E) 5 times per capita income 
A) equal to per capita income 
B) 2 times per capita income 
C) 3 times per capita income 
D) 4 times per capita income 
E) 5 times per capita income

Question 9

Suppose you are asked to use the standard time trade-off approach to measuring quality of life and are given the following information.An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of her life suffering from severe osteoporosis.She reveals that she would be willing to give up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health.What is the utility of one year in the chronic health state relative to perfect health?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 0.4 
D) 0.6 
E) There is not enough information to determine the utility of life in this case 
A) 4 
B) 6 
C) 0.4 
D) 0.6 
E) There is not enough information to determine the utility of life in this case

Question 10

Researchers use cost-of-illness studies to

Accepted Answer

A) study the burden of a disease 
B) determine the low-cost option to treat a disease 
C) compare two or more treatment options when the medical outcome is identical 
D) increase public awareness of cost of treating certain diseases 
E) All of the above 
A) study the burden of a disease 
B) determine the low-cost option to treat a disease 
C) compare two or more treatment options when the medical outcome is identical 
D) increase public awareness of cost of treating certain diseases 
E) All of the above

Which of the following measures of effectiveness is not a surrogate measure?

Many European countries are now requiring that data for an economic evaluation be collected simultaneously during the clinical trials conducted for pharmaceutical approval.This practice is so common that it is being referred to as

The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include

The direct costs in an economic evaluation include the all the following except

When measuring effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include

The first country to require standardized cost-effectiveness analysis before a pharmaceutical drug would be approved for distribution and reimbursement was

Researchers estimate QALYs in a number of different ways.One popular approach is called

The standard cut-off for cost per QALY is

Researchers use cost-of-illness studies to

Usmedical Care: A System in Transition

Using E Conomics to Study Health Care Issues

Analyzing Medical Care Markets

The De Mand for Health and Medical Care

The Market for Health Insurance

Managed Care

The Physicians Servic ES Market

The Hospital Services Market

The Market for Pharmaceuticals

Confounding Factors

Policies That Enha Nce Access

Policies to Contain Costs

Medical Care Systems Worldwide

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Exam 4: Economic Evaluation in Health Care

Which of the following measures of effectiveness is not a surrogate measure?

Many European countries are now requiring that data for an economic evaluation be collected simultaneously during the clinical trials conducted for pharmaceutical approval.This practice is so common that it is being referred to as

The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include

The direct costs in an economic evaluation include the all the following except

When measuring effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include

The first country to require standardized cost-effectiveness analysis before a pharmaceutical drug would be approved for distribution and reimbursement was

Researchers estimate QALYs in a number of different ways.One popular approach is called

The standard cut-off for cost per QALY is

Researchers use cost-of-illness studies to

Usmedical Care: A System in Transition

Using E Conomics to Study Health Care Issues

Analyzing Medical Care Markets

The De Mand for Health and Medical Care

The Market for Health Insurance

Managed Care

The Physicians Servic ES Market

The Hospital Services Market

The Market for Pharmaceuticals

Confounding Factors

Policies That Enha Nce Access

Policies to Contain Costs

Medical Care Systems Worldwide

Filters