Exam 27: How the Animal Body Defends Itself

When interleukin-2 is released in response to a virus invading body cells,___________________ are activated.

The ________________ is the outermost layer of skin,consisting of dying,waterproof cells.

Injured cells release chemicals that trigger expansion of blood vessels as well as movement of blood and immune system cells into the area.This response is the:

Antigen-presenting cells are usually:

What is the main problem that results in autoimmune diseases?

When macrophages send out chemical messages to the brain to warn of microbial invasion,the brain often responds by producing a _______________.

A(n)____________________ is a disease in which antibodies attack specific cells of the body.

The types of cells that release histamines in an allergic response are __________________.

Which immunoglobulin is the major form of antibody in blood plasma?

During the primary response,the amount of antibody is ______ compared to the secondary response to the same antigen.

During an infection,B cells divide to form ___________________ that will be ready for the next time the B cells encounter the same microbe.

The immunoglobulin known as _________ promotes the release of histamines and other agents that produce allergic symptoms.

When B cells are activated,some mass-produce antibodies,while others become __________________,to protect the body at a later date.

Allergic reactions are triggered by the release of _____________ from certain cells.

Will there soon be a vaccine for the virus causing AIDS? Explain.

Every cell in the body carries special identification marker proteins called ______________________.

The ______________ are cells that release neutralizing chemicals that kill bacteria and themselves in the process.

The main target of the HIV virus is:

Plasma cells release ________________ that attach to an invading microbe,marking it for destruction.

Which cell dampens the activity of T and B cells after the infection has been checked?