Exam 1: Introduction

Summarize the research process as conceptualized in the "Wheel of Science." Identify and explain each of the stages of the research process.At what stage do statistics become central? How? What is the role of statistics in the process?

"Ninety percent of dorm residents approved a proposed ban on smoking." This statement is an example of the use of

In the research process,the role of statistics is limited because

Which of the following is a continuous variable?

Below are some items from a survey.For each item,identify the level of measurement and whether the variable will be discrete or continuous.Explain your reasoning for each item.

If people who habitually drive over the speed limit have more fatal accidents,then speed is

Computation of a mean (or average)is completely justified when a variable is measured at which level?

According to the "Wheel of Science," research projects begin

A nominal-level variable like marital status or gender is always

Select the variable(s)that can be measured at the interval-ratio level

Some research situations are summarized below.For each situation,identify all variables and characterize them in terms of level of measurement and whether they are discrete or continuous.If applicable,identify which variables are dependent and which are independent.Explain your reasoning.What statistical application is being used? A)A group of one hundred students are asked for their high school and college GPAs. The GPAs are then compared to see if there is any relationship between them. B)A candidate for student body president telephones a randomly selected sample of students and asks about their opinion of the system used for course evaluation. Each student is asked if they strongly support, moderately support, or do not support the system. The candidate then uses this information to characterize the opinions of the entire student body C)From what regions of the nation does the college football program recruit players? A researcher ascertains the hometowns of every member of the team for the past ten years. D)Which sport on campus has the players with the highest GPAs? The academic records of randomly selected samples of athletes from all sports are compared to answer this question. E)Is academic achievement associated with any "background" variables? Information on a sample of students is collected. The information includes GPA, age, sex, major, years of schooling completed by both parents, and marital status of the student.

When using interval-ratio data,the distance between the scores is

Which of the following mathematical operations are permitted with interval-ratio level variables?

The number of years that a couple has been happily married is an example of

Inferential statistics are necessary in social research because

Variables measured at the ordinal level are limited to which of the following mathematical operations?

In social research,the purpose of statistics is to

Which of the following questions would generate a continuous variable?

Which of the following is NOT a nominal level variable?

Which of the following survey items would generate a discrete variable?