Question 1

If there is a positive association between two variables,

Accepted Answer

A) as one variable increases in value,the other also increases. 
B) as one variable decreases in value,the other increases. 
C) the researcher can be certain of his conclusions. 
D) neither variable can decrease. 
A) as one variable increases in value,the other also increases. 
B) as one variable decreases in value,the other increases. 
C) the researcher can be certain of his conclusions. 
D) neither variable can decrease.

Question 2

For variables measured at the nominal level,measures of association will have a lower limit of ____ and an upper limit of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) 0,100 
B) -1,+1 
C) 0,1 
D) 1,0 
A) 0,100 
B) -1,+1 
C) 0,1 
D) 1,0

Question 3

"As education increases,income rises." This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) non-causal relationship. 
B) positive relationship. 
C) negative relationship. 
D) neutral relationship. 
A) non-causal relationship. 
B) positive relationship. 
C) negative relationship. 
D) neutral relationship.

Question 4

If the maximum difference is less then 10,the relationship is

Accepted Answer

A) strong. 
B) moderate. 
C) weak. 
D) statistically significant. 
A) strong. 
B) moderate. 
C) weak. 
D) statistically significant.

Question 5

A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income.Which variable is independent?

Accepted Answer

A) gender 
B) both 
C) income 
D) neither 
A) gender 
B) both 
C) income 
D) neither

Question 6

"As the temperature rises,the crime rate increases."

Accepted Answer

A) This is a positive relationship. 
B) If the temperature falls below zero degrees,there is no crime. 
C) If the temperature would remain stable,the crime rate would stay the same. 
D) Criminals should be incarcerated in Alaska. 
A) This is a positive relationship. 
B) If the temperature falls below zero degrees,there is no crime. 
C) If the temperature would remain stable,the crime rate would stay the same. 
D) Criminals should be incarcerated in Alaska.

Question 7

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals:

Accepted Answer

A) prediction and forecasting 
B) understanding causation and measuring concepts 
C) prediction and correlation 
D) prediction and understanding causation 
A) prediction and forecasting 
B) understanding causation and measuring concepts 
C) prediction and correlation 
D) prediction and understanding causation

Question 8

Conventionally,each column of a bivariate table represents

Accepted Answer

A) the highest scores of each variable. 
B) a category of the independent variable (X). 
C) a category of the dependent variable (Y). 
D) the lowest scores on each variable. 
A) the highest scores of each variable. 
B) a category of the independent variable (X). 
C) a category of the dependent variable (Y). 
D) the lowest scores on each variable.

Question 9

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases.This is a ____ relationship

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) important 
C) negative 
D) associational 
A) positive 
B) important 
C) negative 
D) associational

Question 10

If the maximum difference is greater than 30,the relationship is

Accepted Answer

A) strong. 
B) moderate. 
C) weak. 
D) statistically significant. 
A) strong. 
B) moderate. 
C) weak. 
D) statistically significant.

Question 11

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns,compute percentages

Accepted Answer

A) within each column. 
B) between each column. 
C) within each row. 
D) using N as the denominator. 
A) within each column. 
B) between each column. 
C) within each row. 
D) using N as the denominator.

Question 12

For variables measured at the ordinal and interval-ratio levels,measures of association will have a lower limit of ____ and an upper limit of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) 0,100 
B) 0,$\pm$1 
C) 0,1 
D) 1,0 
A) 0,100 
B) 0,$\pm$1 
C) 0,1 
D) 1,0

Question 13

When variables vary in opposite directions,the association between variables is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) positive. 
B) neutral. 
C) contradictory. 
D) negative. 
A) positive. 
B) neutral. 
C) contradictory. 
D) negative.

Question 14

Tests of significance and measures of association provide information about sample data that is

Accepted Answer

A) complementary. 
B) contradictory. 
C) unnecessary. 
D) redundant. 
A) complementary. 
B) contradictory. 
C) unnecessary. 
D) redundant.

Question 15

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table,we can see if they are associated by

Accepted Answer

A) adding their scores vertically. 
B) subtracting their scores horizontally. 
C) computing percentages in the direction of the independent variable. 
D) computing percentages in the direction of the dependent variable. 
A) adding their scores vertically. 
B) subtracting their scores horizontally. 
C) computing percentages in the direction of the independent variable. 
D) computing percentages in the direction of the dependent variable.

Question 16

If chi square computed on a bivariate table is greater than zero,the variables

Accepted Answer

A) are not associated but are independent. 
B) are associated and independent. 
C) are neither associated nor independent. 
D) are associated and may be dependent. 
A) are not associated but are independent. 
B) are associated and independent. 
C) are neither associated nor independent. 
D) are associated and may be dependent.

Question 17

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Accepted Answer

A) None,the argument is sound. 
B) Income is only nominal in level of measurement and education is ordinal so they cannot be causally related. 
C) Since these variables are continuous and interval ratio,they cannot have a causal relationship. 
D) By itself,association does not prove causation. 
A) None,the argument is sound. 
B) Income is only nominal in level of measurement and education is ordinal so they cannot be causally related. 
C) Since these variables are continuous and interval ratio,they cannot have a causal relationship. 
D) By itself,association does not prove causation.

Question 18

Measures of association

Accepted Answer

A) increase our understanding of causal relationships among variables. 
B) provide proof of causal relationships among variables. 
C) enhance our ability to predict from one variable to another. 
D) both a and c 
A) increase our understanding of causal relationships among variables. 
B) provide proof of causal relationships among variables. 
C) enhance our ability to predict from one variable to another. 
D) both a and c

Question 19

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology,then ____ is the independent variable and ____ is dependent.

Accepted Answer

A) class,ideology 
B) ideology,class 
C) person,ideology 
D) Information is not sufficient to tell which is independent and which dependent. 
A) class,ideology 
B) ideology,class 
C) person,ideology 
D) Information is not sufficient to tell which is independent and which dependent.

Question 20

The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

Accepted Answer

A) association proves causation. 
B) association does not prove causation. 
C) association and causation are unrelated concepts. 
D) measures of association can be used only for prediction,never as evidence of a causal relationship between variables. 
A) association proves causation. 
B) association does not prove causation. 
C) association and causation are unrelated concepts. 
D) measures of association can be used only for prediction,never as evidence of a causal relationship between variables.

If there is a positive association between two variables,

For variables measured at the nominal level,measures of association will have a lower limit of and an upper limit of .

"As education increases,income rises." This is an example of a

If the maximum difference is less then 10,the relationship is

A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income.Which variable is independent?

"As the temperature rises,the crime rate increases."

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals:

Conventionally,each column of a bivariate table represents

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases.This is a ____ relationship

If the maximum difference is greater than 30,the relationship is

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns,compute percentages

For variables measured at the ordinal and interval-ratio levels,measures of association will have a lower limit of and an upper limit of .

When variables vary in opposite directions,the association between variables is said to be

Tests of significance and measures of association provide information about sample data that is

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table,we can see if they are associated by

If chi square computed on a bivariate table is greater than zero,the variables

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Measures of association

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology,then is the independent variable and is dependent.

The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages, Ratios and Rates, Tables, Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Elaborating Bivariate Tables

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

Exam 12: Bivariate Association: Introduction and Basic Concepts

If there is a positive association between two variables,

For variables measured at the nominal level,measures of association will have a lower limit of ____ and an upper limit of ____.

"As education increases,income rises." This is an example of a

If the maximum difference is less then 10,the relationship is

A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income.Which variable is independent?

"As the temperature rises,the crime rate increases."

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals:

Conventionally,each column of a bivariate table represents

A researcher finds that income decreases as length of commute increases.This is a ____ relationship

If the maximum difference is greater than 30,the relationship is

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns,compute percentages

For variables measured at the ordinal and interval-ratio levels,measures of association will have a lower limit of ____ and an upper limit of ____.

When variables vary in opposite directions,the association between variables is said to be

Tests of significance and measures of association provide information about sample data that is

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table,we can see if they are associated by

If chi square computed on a bivariate table is greater than zero,the variables

A researcher has found a strong relationship between level of education and income and concludes that "higher levels of education cause higher income." What error has been made?

Measures of association

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology,then ____ is the independent variable and ____ is dependent.

The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages, Ratios and Rates, Tables, Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics: Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Elaborating Bivariate Tables

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

For variables measured at the nominal level,measures of association will have a lower limit of and an upper limit of .

For variables measured at the ordinal and interval-ratio levels,measures of association will have a lower limit of and an upper limit of .

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology,then is the independent variable and is dependent.