Exam 12: Muscle: Mechanisms of Contraction and Neural Control

Sarcomeres contain elastic titin filaments which help the muscles return to their resting length during muscle relaxation.

The staircase effect or _____ represents a warm up effect due to increasing intracellular calcium concentrations.

Excitation of the Golgi tendon organ normally induces

Cross-bridge formation occurs when myosin heads attach to actin molecules located in the thin filaments.

Damage to the __________ nerve root would prevent the muscle spindle from transmitting information to the central nervous system.

Motor unit recruitment allows for _________ contraction strength.

Fast twitch fibers have the greatest resistance to fatigue.

A shortening of the muscle that occurs when the tension is greater than the load is a(n)

Subunits of skeletal muscle cells that are composed of sarcomeres are called

Activation of intrafusal fibers by alpha motoneurons creates muscle tone.

Endurance training increases the oxidative capacity of a muscle cell.

The muscle spindle apparatus serves as a muscle length detector.

Myosin contains binding sites for ______________ and _____________.

Transverse tubules contain voltage-gated calcium channels that respond to membrane depolarization and are directly coupled to the calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The deadly botulinum toxin can be used in the cosmetic treatment of skin wrinkles because it produces a flaccid paralysis.

High-energy phosphates are stored in skeletal muscle as creatine phosphate.

Cardiac action potentials usually originate in ______________ cells.

Which of the following statements about muscles is FALSE?

All three types of muscles demonstrate peristaltic contractions.

Parkinson's disease involves degeneration of nerve fibers from the