Exam 9: Personality and Individual Differences

According to Freudian theory,____________ are conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur.

Carl Jung,a neo-Freudian,looked at the primitive urges of the unconscious more positively than Freud,arguing that they represented a more general life force that encompasses an inborn drive motivating creativity and more positive resolution of conflict.

_____________ syndrome results from the presence of an extra chromosome.

A(n)__________________ is a direct measure of an individual's behavior designed to describe characteristics indicative of personality.

Karen Horney suggested that personality develops in the context of social relationships,and depends particularly on the relationship between parents and child and how well the child's needs are met.

Psychologist Hans Eysenck used factor analysis to identify patterns of traits and found that personality could best be described in terms of just three major dimensions.

What are the criticisms of the Rorschach and the TAT?

Explain the first formal intelligence tests in terms of development and usage.

The measurement consistency of a test,meaning that it yields the same result each time it is administered to a specific person or group,is called ____________.

The id is operates according to the _____________ principle.

Self-esteem refers to how we feel about the people in our lives.

The most common cause of mental retardation in newborns,occurring when the mother uses alcohol during pregnancy,is called ______________ syndrome.

According to Freud,the part of the personality that contains the memories,knowledge,beliefs,feelings,urges,drives,and instincts of which the individual is not aware is called the ______________.

Standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of others who have taken the same test are called ______________.

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)is another well-known intelligence test.

According to Freud,there is no such thing as a verbal accident.Freudian slips reveal what is in your unconscious.

Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively,used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves,are called ___________________.

The process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible,imitating that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values,is known as ______________.

A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about a sample of their behavior is known as a(n)____________ measure.

_____________,according to humanistic theory,is the state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential,each in a unique way.