Question 1

Which significance level would minimize the probability of a Type I error?

Accepted Answer

A)  .25 
B)  .10 
C)  .05 
D)  .01 
A)  .25 
B)  .10 
C)  .05 
D)  .01

Question 2

The expected value of t if the null hypothesis is true would

Accepted Answer

A)  equal 1. 
B)  equal 0. 
C)  depend on the degrees of freedom. 
D)  vary depending on the alpha level. 
A)  equal 1. 
B)  equal 0. 
C)  depend on the degrees of freedom. 
D)  vary depending on the alpha level.

Question 3

Your lab group must choose a significance test to determine if the mean scores of two groups are significantly different.The appropriate test is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  t test. 
B)  Mann-Whitney U. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  analysis of variance. 
A)  t test. 
B)  Mann-Whitney U. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  analysis of variance.

Question 4

A sampling distribution is a distribution of the kinds of outcomes one expects if the ________ hypothesis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  null;true 
B)  null;false 
C)  research;true 
D)  research;false 
A)  null;true 
B)  null;false 
C)  research;true 
D)  research;false

Question 5

Jenny reports that individuals who follow her diet plan lose more weight than individuals who follow Richard's diet plan.In actuality,there is no difference in weight loss between those on Jenny's versus those on Richard's plan.Jenny's claim illustrates a _____ error.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type IV 
B)  Type III 
C)  Type II 
D)  Type I 
A)  Type IV 
B)  Type III 
C)  Type II 
D)  Type I

Question 6

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for more than two groups)is the

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test. 
B)  Pearson correlation. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  F test (analysis of variance). 
A)  t-test. 
B)  Pearson correlation. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  F test (analysis of variance).

Question 7

The _____ the t or F ratio,the more likely the results are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger;significant 
B)  smaller;significant 
C)  more correlated;dissimilar 
D)  more correlated;due to errors 
A)  larger;significant 
B)  smaller;significant 
C)  more correlated;dissimilar 
D)  more correlated;due to errors

Question 8

A researcher employs inferential statistics to examine the difference in mean scores obtained by fourth grade boys and girls on a standardized math test.Inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

A)  summarize and describe the important characteristics of the data. 
B)  test the research hypothesis. 
C)  indicate the strength of the relationship between boys and girls math scores. 
D)  indicate the probability that the difference between means reflect random error. 
A)  summarize and describe the important characteristics of the data. 
B)  test the research hypothesis. 
C)  indicate the strength of the relationship between boys and girls math scores. 
D)  indicate the probability that the difference between means reflect random error.

Question 9

In comparing differences in ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers,the null hypothesis would be

Accepted Answer

A)  men drive better than women. 
B)  there is no difference in ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
C)  men are more responsible drivers than women. 
D)  there is a difference in ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
A)  men drive better than women. 
B)  there is no difference in ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
C)  men are more responsible drivers than women. 
D)  there is a difference in ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers.

Question 10

Which of the following is least correct regarding the use of statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  A goal of the test is to allow you to make a decision about whether the obtained results would be repeatable. 
B)  You are more likely to obtain significant results with smaller sample sizes because they are easier to work with. 
C)  The significance level selected indicates how confident you want to be when making a decision. 
D)  You are most likely to obtain significant results when your effect size is large. 
A)  A goal of the test is to allow you to make a decision about whether the obtained results would be repeatable. 
B)  You are more likely to obtain significant results with smaller sample sizes because they are easier to work with. 
C)  The significance level selected indicates how confident you want to be when making a decision. 
D)  You are most likely to obtain significant results when your effect size is large.

Question 11

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for two groups)is

Accepted Answer

A)  t. 
B)  Pearson correlation. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  analysis of variance. 
A)  t. 
B)  Pearson correlation. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  analysis of variance.

Question 12

Which of the following is least correct regarding a Type II error? The probability of making a Type II error is

Accepted Answer

A)  influenced by the probability of making a Type I error. 
B)  influenced by the size of the sample. 
C)  lessened with a large effect size. 
D)  equal to your alpha level. 
A)  influenced by the probability of making a Type I error. 
B)  influenced by the size of the sample. 
C)  lessened with a large effect size. 
D)  equal to your alpha level.

Question 13

The research hypothesis states that the

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable had no effect. 
B)  independent variable did have an effect. 
C)  dependent variable had no effect. 
D)  dependent variable did have an effect. 
A)  independent variable had no effect. 
B)  independent variable did have an effect. 
C)  dependent variable had no effect. 
D)  dependent variable did have an effect.

Question 14

The statement that the independent variable had no effect is called the ________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  practical 
D)  significant 
A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  practical 
D)  significant

Question 15

The null hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is used because it is a very precise statement. 
B)  is rejected when there is a high probability that the obtained results are due to random error. 
C)  does not allow us to know the probability of the outcome of the study occurring. 
D)  is statistically significant if it can be accepted. 
A)  is used because it is a very precise statement. 
B)  is rejected when there is a high probability that the obtained results are due to random error. 
C)  does not allow us to know the probability of the outcome of the study occurring. 
D)  is statistically significant if it can be accepted.

Question 16

Which statistical test would be most appropriate to examine the relationship between daily temperature and number of ice cream cones sold during the month of July?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi-square 
B)  analysis of variance 
C)  t-test 
D)  Pearson correlation 
A)  Chi-square 
B)  analysis of variance 
C)  t-test 
D)  Pearson correlation

Question 17

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance? The ______ the sample,the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger;greater probability that the variable has an effect 
B)  smaller;greater probability that the variable has an effect 
C)  larger;the more confident you can be in your decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis 
D)  smaller;the more confident you can be in your decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis 
A)  larger;greater probability that the variable has an effect 
B)  smaller;greater probability that the variable has an effect 
C)  larger;the more confident you can be in your decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis 
D)  smaller;the more confident you can be in your decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis

Question 18

A student is interested in the effect of environmental condition on task performance.She has participants complete a series of math problems under different temperatures (cold,warm,hot)and noise condition (quiet,noisy).The most appropriate test to analyze the data would be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test. 
B)  Pearson r. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  F-test. 
A)  t-test. 
B)  Pearson r. 
C)  chi-square. 
D)  F-test.

Question 19

A researcher asked participants to rate the softness of two well-known brands of toilet tissue: Fuzzy and Luvvy.Fuzzy was rated softer than Luvvy with mean ratings of 5.50 and 3.25,respectively.This difference was statistically significant at the .05 probability level.The null hypothesis for the population was that

Accepted Answer

A)  Fuzzy is softer than Luvvy. 
B)  Luvvy is softer than Fuzzy. 
C)  There is a difference between Fuzzy and Luvvy in softness. 
D)  There is no difference between the softness of Fuzzy and Luvvy tissues. 
A)  Fuzzy is softer than Luvvy. 
B)  Luvvy is softer than Fuzzy. 
C)  There is a difference between Fuzzy and Luvvy in softness. 
D)  There is no difference between the softness of Fuzzy and Luvvy tissues.

Question 20

If we say we have statistically significant results,we mean the results are

Accepted Answer

A)  very important. 
B)  meaningless. 
C)  likely to be due to chance differences between the groups. 
D)  likely to be due to true differences between the groups. 
A)  very important. 
B)  meaningless. 
C)  likely to be due to chance differences between the groups. 
D)  likely to be due to true differences between the groups.

Which significance level would minimize the probability of a Type I error?

The expected value of t if the null hypothesis is true would

Your lab group must choose a significance test to determine if the mean scores of two groups are significantly different.The appropriate test is a(n)

A sampling distribution is a distribution of the kinds of outcomes one expects if the hypothesis is .

Jenny reports that individuals who follow her diet plan lose more weight than individuals who follow Richard's diet plan.In actuality,there is no difference in weight loss between those on Jenny's versus those on Richard's plan.Jenny's claim illustrates a _____ error.

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for more than two groups)is the

The _ the t or F ratio,the more likely the results are _.

A researcher employs inferential statistics to examine the difference in mean scores obtained by fourth grade boys and girls on a standardized math test.Inferential statistics

In comparing differences in ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers,the null hypothesis would be

Which of the following is least correct regarding the use of statistical tests?

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for two groups)is

Which of the following is least correct regarding a Type II error? The probability of making a Type II error is

The research hypothesis states that the

The statement that the independent variable had no effect is called the ________ hypothesis.

The null hypothesis

Which statistical test would be most appropriate to examine the relationship between daily temperature and number of ice cream cones sold during the month of July?

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance? The the sample,the _.

A student is interested in the effect of environmental condition on task performance.She has participants complete a series of math problems under different temperatures (cold,warm,hot)and noise condition (quiet,noisy).The most appropriate test to analyze the data would be a(n)

If we say we have statistically significant results,we mean the results are

Scientific Understanding of Behaviour

Where to Start

Ethical Research

Research Design Fundamentals

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Studies

Complex Experimental Designs

Research Designs for Special Circumstances

Understanding Research Results: Describ-Ingvariables and Relationships Among Them

Generalizing Results

Filters

Exam 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical-Inference Basics

Which significance level would minimize the probability of a Type I error?

The expected value of t if the null hypothesis is true would

Your lab group must choose a significance test to determine if the mean scores of two groups are significantly different.The appropriate test is a(n)

A sampling distribution is a distribution of the kinds of outcomes one expects if the ________ hypothesis is ________.

Jenny reports that individuals who follow her diet plan lose more weight than individuals who follow Richard's diet plan.In actuality,there is no difference in weight loss between those on Jenny's versus those on Richard's plan.Jenny's claim illustrates a _____ error.

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for more than two groups)is the

The _____ the t or F ratio,the more likely the results are _____.

A researcher employs inferential statistics to examine the difference in mean scores obtained by fourth grade boys and girls on a standardized math test.Inferential statistics

In comparing differences in ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers,the null hypothesis would be

Which of the following is least correct regarding the use of statistical tests?

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data derived from measuring the dependent variable (for two groups)is

Which of the following is least correct regarding a Type II error? The probability of making a Type II error is

The research hypothesis states that the

The statement that the independent variable had no effect is called the ________ hypothesis.

The null hypothesis

Which statistical test would be most appropriate to examine the relationship between daily temperature and number of ice cream cones sold during the month of July?

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance? The ______ the sample,the _______.

A student is interested in the effect of environmental condition on task performance.She has participants complete a series of math problems under different temperatures (cold,warm,hot)and noise condition (quiet,noisy).The most appropriate test to analyze the data would be a(n)

If we say we have statistically significant results,we mean the results are

Scientific Understanding of Behaviour

Where to Start

Ethical Research

Research Design Fundamentals

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Studies

Complex Experimental Designs

Research Designs for Special Circumstances

Understanding Research Results: Describ-Ingvariables and Relationships Among Them

Generalizing Results

Filters

A sampling distribution is a distribution of the kinds of outcomes one expects if the hypothesis is .

The _ the t or F ratio,the more likely the results are _.

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance? The the sample,the _.