Exam 4: Research Design Fundamentals

A researcher observed that drinking coffee improved performance on complex math problems up to a point.The researcher also noted,however,that excessive coffee drinking actually interferes with problem solving.What type of relationship was observed?

Two researchers tested the hypothesis that college students' grades and happiness are related.One researcher operationally defined happiness as the number of hours spent at leisure activities.The other researcher defined happiness as the amount of achievement one feels as measured on a 10-point scale.Which of the following statements is accurate?

Dr.Kramer found that the average number of miles driven decreases as the price of gasoline increases.This relationship can best be described as a _______ relationship.

Dr.Sears observes that the more time a person spends in a department store,the more purchases they tend to make.The research method used in this study can best be described as

Participants read an account of a crime in which the perpetrator was described as an attractive or unattractive woman.They then assigned the length of prison sentence they felt the woman deserved.The _____ would be a _____ variable.

The finding that a person's shoe size is not associated with their family income suggests

When a researcher can make a strong inference that one variable caused another,the study is said to have _____ validity.

_____ refers to the cause being present for the effect to occur,while _____ refers to the cause always producing the effect.

When increases in the values of one variable are associated with both increases and decreases in the values of a second variable,what type of relationship is present?

What two problems arise when interpreting results obtained using the non-experimental method?

To assess the strength of relationship between beer sales and outdoor temperatures,Adolph would want to

In the experimental method,the researcher makes sure that the influence of all extraneous variables are kept constant.This process is referred to as

A researcher is interested in the effect of caffeine on a driver's braking speed.She takes four groups of participants and gives each group a different dose of caffeine,then measures their reaction time.Which of the following statements is true?

Random variability exists because

Igor notices that the more time he spends working in the laboratory,the more familiar he becomes with the standard laboratory procedures.What type of relationship does this observation represent?

Research is aimed at reducing random variability or error variance by identifying relationships between variables.This variability is called error because

If rats in a maze run faster when food is present than when food is absent,this demonstrates a(n)___________________.

A researcher observed that people who have a large number of pets also live in houses with more bathrooms than people with fewer pets.Which of the following conclusions might be correct?

A researcher finds that the more a song is played on the radio,the greater the liking for the song.However,she also finds that if the song is played too much,people start to dislike the song.What type of relationship does this represent?

When increases in the values of one variable are associated with increases in the values of a second variable,what type of relationship is present?