Question 1

A male patient is concerned about telling others he has HIV infection. What should the nurse stress when discussing his concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Care providers and sexual partners should be told about his diagnosis. 
B)  There is no reason to hide his disease. 
C)  Secrecy is a poor idea because it will lower his self-esteem. 
D)  His diagnosis will be obvious to most people with whom he will come into contact. 
A)  Care providers and sexual partners should be told about his diagnosis. 
B)  There is no reason to hide his disease. 
C)  Secrecy is a poor idea because it will lower his self-esteem. 
D)  His diagnosis will be obvious to most people with whom he will come into contact.

Question 2

To be diagnosed as having AIDS, the patient must be HIV-positive, have a compromised immune system without known immune system disease or recent organ transplant, and present with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opportunistic infection 
B)  A positive ELISA or Western blot test 
C)  Weight loss, fever, and generalized lymphedema 
D)  CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 200 mm3 
A)  Opportunistic infection 
B)  A positive ELISA or Western blot test 
C)  Weight loss, fever, and generalized lymphedema 
D)  CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 200 mm3

Question 3

The depressed patient with AIDS says, "I don't understand why I am going to be getting doses of testosterone. What good will that do me now?" What should the nurse keep in mind about testosterone when responding?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can lower viral load 
B)  It can lighten depression 
C)  It can increase lean body mass 
D)  It can increase appetite 
A)  It can lower viral load 
B)  It can lighten depression 
C)  It can increase lean body mass 
D)  It can increase appetite

Question 4

A 28-year-old married attorney with one child is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. The patient states that she is at no risk for HIV, so she would not need to be counseled about testing for HIV. Which is the most appropriate response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "She's a professional woman in a monogamous relationship. She obviously is not at risk." 
B)  "Women are not at great risk. The greatest risk is with gay men." 
C)  "The fastest-growing segment of the population with AIDS is women and children. We need to assess her risks." 
D)  "We need to review her chart to determine if her first child was infected." 
A)  "She's a professional woman in a monogamous relationship. She obviously is not at risk." 
B)  "Women are not at great risk. The greatest risk is with gay men." 
C)  "The fastest-growing segment of the population with AIDS is women and children. We need to assess her risks." 
D)  "We need to review her chart to determine if her first child was infected."

Question 5

What do the activated monocytes and macrophages produce in the presence of an inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction of red cells 
B)  Increase in WBCs 
C)  Neopterin 
D)  Increase in T-helper cells increase natural killer (NK) cells 
A)  Reduction of red cells 
B)  Increase in WBCs 
C)  Neopterin 
D)  Increase in T-helper cells increase natural killer (NK) cells

Question 6

The patient, age 21, has been treated for chlamydia and has a history of recurrent herpes. What should the nurse counsel this patient about?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual history, risk reduction measures, and testing for HIV 
B)  Getting an appointment at a family planning clinic 
C)  Testing for HIV and what the test results mean 
D)  Abstinence and a monogamous relationship 
A)  Sexual history, risk reduction measures, and testing for HIV 
B)  Getting an appointment at a family planning clinic 
C)  Testing for HIV and what the test results mean 
D)  Abstinence and a monogamous relationship

Question 7

The nurse explains that an enzyme ____________ ____________ allows the RNA of the retrovirus to be changed to DNA and incorporated into the host's genetic material.

Accepted Answer

reverse transcriptase
Reverse

Question 8

A patient has just been diagnosed as HIV-positive. He asks the nurse, "Does this mean I have AIDS?" Which response would be most informative?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Most people get AIDS within 3 to 12 weeks after they are infected with HIV." 
B)  "Don't worry. You may never get AIDS if you eat properly, exercise, and get plenty of rest." 
C)  "It varies with every individual, but the average time is 8 to 10 years from the time a person is infected, and some go much longer." 
D)  "You can expect to develop signs and symptoms of AIDS within 6 months." 
A)  "Most people get AIDS within 3 to 12 weeks after they are infected with HIV." 
B)  "Don't worry. You may never get AIDS if you eat properly, exercise, and get plenty of rest." 
C)  "It varies with every individual, but the average time is 8 to 10 years from the time a person is infected, and some go much longer." 
D)  "You can expect to develop signs and symptoms of AIDS within 6 months."

Question 9

A male patient is advised to receive HIV antibody testing because of his multiple sexual partners and injectable drug use. What should the nurse inform the patient to ensure understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The blood is tested with the highly sensitive test called the Western blot. 
B)  The blood is tested with an ELISA; if positive, it is tested again with an ELISA, followed by a Western blot if the second ELISA is positive. 
C)  A series of HIV tests is performed to confirm if the patient has AIDS. 
D)  If the HIV tests are seronegative, the patient can be assured that he is not infected. 
A)  The blood is tested with the highly sensitive test called the Western blot. 
B)  The blood is tested with an ELISA; if positive, it is tested again with an ELISA, followed by a Western blot if the second ELISA is positive. 
C)  A series of HIV tests is performed to confirm if the patient has AIDS. 
D)  If the HIV tests are seronegative, the patient can be assured that he is not infected.

Question 10

After what period of time would the home health nurse make a mental health appointment for a patient with an HIV infection after assessing a diminished ability to attend to daily functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 week 
B)  2 weeks 
C)  3 weeks 
D)  1 month 
A)  1 week 
B)  2 weeks 
C)  3 weeks 
D)  1 month

Question 11

When assigned to a newly admitted patient with AIDS, the nurse says, "I'm pregnant. It is not safe for me or my baby if I am assigned to his case." Which is the most appropriate response by the charge nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  "This patient would not be a risk for your baby if you use standard precautions and avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids." 
B)  "You should ask for a transfer to another unit because contact with this patient would put you and your baby at risk for AIDS." 
C)  "Wear a mask, gown, and gloves every time you go into his room and use disposable trays, plates, and utensils to serve his meals." 
D)  "We should recommend that this patient be transferred to an isolation unit." 
A)  "This patient would not be a risk for your baby if you use standard precautions and avoid direct contact with blood or body fluids." 
B)  "You should ask for a transfer to another unit because contact with this patient would put you and your baby at risk for AIDS." 
C)  "Wear a mask, gown, and gloves every time you go into his room and use disposable trays, plates, and utensils to serve his meals." 
D)  "We should recommend that this patient be transferred to an isolation unit."

Question 12

Which of the following is a CDC criterion for the progression of HIV infection to AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in viral load 
B)  Decreased ratio of CD8 to CD4 
C)  Increase in white blood cells 
D)  Increased reactivity to skin tests 
A)  Increase in viral load 
B)  Decreased ratio of CD8 to CD4 
C)  Increase in white blood cells 
D)  Increased reactivity to skin tests

Question 13

How does the HIV-2 virus compare to the HIV-1 virus? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  It has lower mortality risks in the older adult 
B)  It is less virulent 
C)  It is less infectious in the initial stage of infection 
D)  It predisposes the HIV-infected person to a normal life span 
E)  It develops high viral loads 
A)  It has lower mortality risks in the older adult 
B)  It is less virulent 
C)  It is less infectious in the initial stage of infection 
D)  It predisposes the HIV-infected person to a normal life span 
E)  It develops high viral loads

Question 14

Which of the following are early signs and symptoms of an HIV infection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Dry mouth 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Sore throat 
D)  Vaginal dryness 
E)  Nausea
F) Dyspnea 
A)  Dry mouth 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Sore throat 
D)  Vaginal dryness 
E)  Nausea
F) Dyspnea

Question 15

Why should interventions such as promotion of nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction be undertaken by the nurse for patients who have HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will promote a feeling of well-being in the patient. 
B)  They will improve immune function. 
C)  They will prevent transmission of the virus to others. 
D)  They will increase the patient's strength and ability to care for himself or herself. 
A)  They will promote a feeling of well-being in the patient. 
B)  They will improve immune function. 
C)  They will prevent transmission of the virus to others. 
D)  They will increase the patient's strength and ability to care for himself or herself.

Question 16

The HIV-infected patient who has just seroconverted says he just cannot take all those confusing, expensive antiretroviral (ART) medications. He says he still feels fine, anyway. What should the nurse keep in mind when counseling this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resumption of the ART later in the disease is just as effective 
B)  Adherence to the ART protocol is essential to the success of the treatment 
C)  Cessation of the ART may prevent the emergence of a resistant strain of HIV 
D)  Once ART is initiated it cannot be restarted in the same patient 
A)  Resumption of the ART later in the disease is just as effective 
B)  Adherence to the ART protocol is essential to the success of the treatment 
C)  Cessation of the ART may prevent the emergence of a resistant strain of HIV 
D)  Once ART is initiated it cannot be restarted in the same patient

Question 17

A 21-year-old male who has been an IV heroin user has been experiencing fever, weight loss, and diarrhea and has been diagnosed as having AIDS. At this time, he has a low-grade fever, severe diarrhea, and a productive cough. He is admitted with Pneumocystis jiroveci. What should the nurse do when caring for the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use a gown, mask, and gloves when assisting the patient with his bath 
B)  Wear a gown when assisting the patient to use the bedpan 
C)  Use a gown, mask, and gloves to administer oral medications 
D)  Use a mask when taking the patient's temperature 
A)  Use a gown, mask, and gloves when assisting the patient with his bath 
B)  Wear a gown when assisting the patient to use the bedpan 
C)  Use a gown, mask, and gloves to administer oral medications 
D)  Use a mask when taking the patient's temperature

Exam 55: Care of the Patient with HIV/AIDS

A male patient is concerned about telling others he has HIV infection. What should the nurse stress when discussing his concerns?

To be diagnosed as having AIDS, the patient must be HIV-positive, have a compromised immune system without known immune system disease or recent organ transplant, and present with which of the following?

The depressed patient with AIDS says, "I don't understand why I am going to be getting doses of testosterone. What good will that do me now?" What should the nurse keep in mind about testosterone when responding?

A 28-year-old married attorney with one child is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. The patient states that she is at no risk for HIV, so she would not need to be counseled about testing for HIV. Which is the most appropriate response?

What do the activated monocytes and macrophages produce in the presence of an inflammatory process?

The patient, age 21, has been treated for chlamydia and has a history of recurrent herpes. What should the nurse counsel this patient about?

The nurse explains that an enzyme ____________ ____________ allows the RNA of the retrovirus to be changed to DNA and incorporated into the host's genetic material.

A patient has just been diagnosed as HIV-positive. He asks the nurse, "Does this mean I have AIDS?" Which response would be most informative?

A male patient is advised to receive HIV antibody testing because of his multiple sexual partners and injectable drug use. What should the nurse inform the patient to ensure understanding?

After what period of time would the home health nurse make a mental health appointment for a patient with an HIV infection after assessing a diminished ability to attend to daily functioning?

When assigned to a newly admitted patient with AIDS, the nurse says, "I'm pregnant. It is not safe for me or my baby if I am assigned to his case." Which is the most appropriate response by the charge nurse?

Which of the following is a CDC criterion for the progression of HIV infection to AIDS?

How does the HIV-2 virus compare to the HIV-1 virus? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following are early signs and symptoms of an HIV infection? (Select all that apply.)

Why should interventions such as promotion of nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction be undertaken by the nurse for patients who have HIV infection?

The HIV-infected patient who has just seroconverted says he just cannot take all those confusing, expensive antiretroviral (ART) medications. He says he still feels fine, anyway. What should the nurse keep in mind when counseling this patient?

Evolution of Nursing

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing

Documentation

Communication

Nursing Process and Critical Thinking

Cultural and Ethnic Considerations

Asepsis and Infection Control

Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility

Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment

Safety

Vital Signs

Physical Assessment

Admission, Transfer, and Discharge

Surgical Wound Care

Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing

Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep

Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies

Fluids and Electrolytes

Mathematics and Medication Administration

Care of Patients with Alterations in Health

Life Span Development

Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death

Health Promotion and Pregnancy

Labor and Delivery

Care of the Mother and Newborn

Care of the High-Risk Mother, Newborn, and Family with Special Needs

Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent

Basic Pediatric Nursing Care

Care of the Child with a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder

Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult

Concepts of Mental Health

Care of the Patient with a Psychiatric Disorder

Care of the Patient with an Addictive Personality

Home Health Nursing

Long-Term Care

Rehabilitation Nursing

Hospice Care

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Care of the Surgical Patient

Care of the Patient with an Integumentary Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Musculoskeletal Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Gastrointestinal Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Gallbladder, Liver, Biliary Tract, or Exocrine Pancreatic Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Cardiovascular or a Peripheral Vascular Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Respiratory Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Urinary Disorder

Care of the Patient with an Endocrine Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Reproductive Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Sensory Disorder

Care of the Patient with a Neurologic Disorder

Care of the Patient with an Immune Disorder

Care of the Patient with Cancer

Professional Roles and Leadership

Filters

The nurse explains that an enzyme allows the RNA of the retrovirus to be changed to DNA and incorporated into the host's genetic material.