Exam 13: Reasoning and Decision Making

Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo.If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using

Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the ____ decision of ____.

Cosmides and Tooby tested participants' ability to solve variations of the Wason problem, including ones containing stories about a particular culture.Their results showed that ____ is not always necessary for conditional reasoning.

Kirk is a generally anxious person.His anxiety sometimes gets in the way when he tries to make decisions.The anxiety Kirk feels is an example of an

Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT

Which concept below is most closely associated with the evolutionary perspective to solving the Wason four-card problem?

Juanita is in a convenience store considering which soda to buy.She recalls a commercial for BigFizz she saw on TV last night.BigFizz is running a promotion where you look under the bottle cap, and one in five bottles has a voucher for a free soda.If Juanita decides to purchase a BigFizz based on this promotion, which is framed in terms of _____, she will use a _____ strategy.

One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract)version of the Wason four-card problem is that they

The similarity-coverage model demonstrates the influence of _____ on the strength of inductive arguments.

Describe the Wason four-card problem.Explain what the results of experiments that have used abstract and concrete versions of the problem illustrate about how solving this problem is influenced by concreteness, knowledge of regulations, permission schemas, and an evolutionary perspective on cognition.

Describe and give examples of how each of the following cause errors in reasoning: availability heuristic, illusory correlations, representative heuristic, and confirmation bias.

Let's say you are testing a patient with damage to the prefrontal cortex.You present the patient with relationships such as the following: Relationship #1: Alia is taller than Ian, who is taller than Mandy. Relationship #2: Margy is taller than Michelle.Lisa is taller than Margy. The patient's task is to arrange the names in order of the people's heights.The patient will perform

Consider the following conditional syllogism: Premise 1: If I don't eat lunch today, I will be hungry tonight. Premise 2: I ate lunch today. Conclusion: Therefore, I wasn't hungry tonight. This syllogism is an example of

According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is

Consider the following syllogism: All cats are birds. All birds have wings. All cats have wings. This syllogism is

The study by Tversky and Shafir, in which college students decided whether or not to purchase a vacation package after taking a difficult end-of-semester exam, showed the influence of ____ in decision making.

The application of a(n)____ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem.

Consider the following syllogism: All of the students are tired. Some tired people are irritable. Some of the students are irritable. It is likely that most people will judge this syllogism as

In a study by Tversky and Shafir, college students were asked to read a scenario and make a decision regarding the purchase of a vacation package following a difficult end-of-semester exam.The independent variable was whether or not students were told the results of the exam (some were told "pass," others "fail")or that the final scores were not yet known.This study found that participants were more likely to purchase the vacation package if they were

Define both deductive and inductive reasoning and explain how they are different.What does it mean to say that the conclusion to a syllogism is "valid"?