Question 1

Which substance below enhances dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?

Accepted Answer

A)  caffeine 
B) sugar 
C)  cocaine 
D)  saccharin 
E)  Clozapine 
A)  caffeine 
B) sugar 
C)  cocaine 
D)  saccharin 
E)  Clozapine

Question 2

Explain why nicotine is now considered to be an addictive drug.

Accepted Answer

Humans either smoke regularly or not at

Question 3

Opiate drugs produce sedation via activation of receptors in the preoptic area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Because cigarette smoking does not produce intoxication,tobacco is not considered an addictive drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Natural and drug reinforcement results from _____ release within the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA; amygdala 
B) dopamine; nucleus accumbens 
C)  ACh; hippocampus 
D)  glycine; cerebellum 
E)  serotonin; cingulated cortex 
A)  GABA; amygdala 
B) dopamine; nucleus accumbens 
C)  ACh; hippocampus 
D)  glycine; cerebellum 
E)  serotonin; cingulated cortex

Question 6

The primary means by which the immune system defends against invading organisms is to

Accepted Answer

A)  suppress the release of CRH. 
B)  release corticosterone. 
C)  generate red blood cells from bone marrow. 
D)  generate antibodies that bind to and kill a foreign cell. 
E)  trigger apoptosis of brain cells. 
A)  suppress the release of CRH. 
B)  release corticosterone. 
C)  generate red blood cells from bone marrow. 
D)  generate antibodies that bind to and kill a foreign cell. 
E)  trigger apoptosis of brain cells.

Question 7

Use of ________ by pregnant women is one of the leading causes of mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  nicotine 
D)  cocaine 
E)  caffeine 
A)  alcohol 
B)  marijuana 
C)  nicotine 
D)  cocaine 
E)  caffeine

Question 8

Which drug below is useful for the treatment of alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

A)  methyl alcohol 
B)  Demerol 
C)  nicotine 
D)  naltrexone 
E)  codeine 
A)  methyl alcohol 
B)  Demerol 
C)  nicotine 
D)  naltrexone 
E)  codeine

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to improved health . 
B)  The fight-or-flight response saves energy. 
C)  The fight-or-flight response is maladaptive in that it prepares an organism to either enter into battle or to flee a situation. 
D)  The term was coined by Walter Cannon. 
E)  Evoluation has eliminated the need for this response in humans. 
A)  Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to improved health . 
B)  The fight-or-flight response saves energy. 
C)  The fight-or-flight response is maladaptive in that it prepares an organism to either enter into battle or to flee a situation. 
D)  The term was coined by Walter Cannon. 
E)  Evoluation has eliminated the need for this response in humans.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about opiates is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The most commonly abused opiate is codeine. 
B)  AIDS is a significant risk factor for many heroin users. 
C)  The opiate habit is expensive. 
D)  Opiates are often combined with adulterants that can have toxic effects. 
E)  Opiate use in a pregnant woman can produce a drug dependency in the child she is carrying. 
A)  The most commonly abused opiate is codeine. 
B)  AIDS is a significant risk factor for many heroin users. 
C)  The opiate habit is expensive. 
D)  Opiates are often combined with adulterants that can have toxic effects. 
E)  Opiate use in a pregnant woman can produce a drug dependency in the child she is carrying.

Question 11

In the chapter prologue on addiction,what factor induced John to restart his heroin addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  John smoked some marijuana and drank some alcohol, which led him back into heroin use. 
B)  The stress of losing his job led to drug relapse. 
C)  John saw a poster on drug paraphernalia and experienced a very strong drug craving. 
D)  John was reintroduced to heroin while in prison. 
E)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  John smoked some marijuana and drank some alcohol, which led him back into heroin use. 
B)  The stress of losing his job led to drug relapse. 
C)  John saw a poster on drug paraphernalia and experienced a very strong drug craving. 
D)  John was reintroduced to heroin while in prison. 
E)  All of the above are correct.

Question 12

A serious consequence of alcohol addiction is

Accepted Answer

A)  cirrhosis of the liver. 
B)  acne. 
C)  Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  bipolar disorder. 
E)  Adevelopment of mania. 
A)  cirrhosis of the liver. 
B)  acne. 
C)  Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  bipolar disorder. 
E)  Adevelopment of mania.

Question 13

Glucocorticoid receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  are found within almost every cell of the body. 
B)  are found in highest concentration in the adrenal glands. 
C)  disappear following adrenalectomy. 
D)  gradually deteriorate with age. 
E)  are primarily localized in the brain stem. 
A)  are found within almost every cell of the body. 
B)  are found in highest concentration in the adrenal glands. 
C)  disappear following adrenalectomy. 
D)  gradually deteriorate with age. 
E)  are primarily localized in the brain stem.

Question 14

Hans Selye argued that ill health induced by chronic stress exposure reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  the prolonged secretion of acetylcholine. 
B)  overstimulation of growth. 
C)  the prolonged secretion of glucocorticoids. 
D)  the activation of apoptosis in brain by stress exposure. 
E)  decreased blood pressure. 
A)  the prolonged secretion of acetylcholine. 
B)  overstimulation of growth. 
C)  the prolonged secretion of glucocorticoids. 
D)  the activation of apoptosis in brain by stress exposure. 
E)  decreased blood pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of withdrawal symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Withdrawal symptoms are usually the opposite of the effects of the drug. 
B)  Withdrawal can be seen in the absence of tolerance. 
C)  Withdrawal symptoms are not an indicator of physical tolerance. 
D)  Withdrawal symptoms are less intense versions of the normal effects of a drug. 
E)  Most addictive drugs produce similar withdrawal symptoms. 
A)  Withdrawal symptoms are usually the opposite of the effects of the drug. 
B)  Withdrawal can be seen in the absence of tolerance. 
C)  Withdrawal symptoms are not an indicator of physical tolerance. 
D)  Withdrawal symptoms are less intense versions of the normal effects of a drug. 
E)  Most addictive drugs produce similar withdrawal symptoms.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens. 
B)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement. 
C)  Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs. 
D)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement. 
E)  Drugs that increase dopamine by blocking reuptake are not addictive. 
A)  Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens. 
B)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement. 
C)  Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs. 
D)  Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement. 
E)  Drugs that increase dopamine by blocking reuptake are not addictive.

Question 17

Antigens are substances that are generated by the immune system and that attack invading bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is a common explanation for tolerance in heroin addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased brain levels of the drug with repeated use 
B)  the body's attempt to compensate for the effects of the drug 
C)  the loss of homeostatic regulation after taking drugs 
D)  the drug is metabolized less efficiently with repeated use 
E)  heroin is more slowly cleared from the brain with repeated treatments 
A)  increased brain levels of the drug with repeated use 
B)  the body's attempt to compensate for the effects of the drug 
C)  the loss of homeostatic regulation after taking drugs 
D)  the drug is metabolized less efficiently with repeated use 
E)  heroin is more slowly cleared from the brain with repeated treatments

Question 19

Craving involves the desire to use a drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which substance below enhances dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?

Explain why nicotine is now considered to be an addictive drug.

Opiate drugs produce sedation via activation of receptors in the preoptic area.

Because cigarette smoking does not produce intoxication,tobacco is not considered an addictive drug.

Natural and drug reinforcement results from _ release within the _.

The primary means by which the immune system defends against invading organisms is to

Use of ________ by pregnant women is one of the leading causes of mental retardation.

Which drug below is useful for the treatment of alcoholism?

Which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight response?

Which of the following statements about opiates is NOT true?

In the chapter prologue on addiction,what factor induced John to restart his heroin addiction?

A serious consequence of alcohol addiction is

Glucocorticoid receptors

Hans Selye argued that ill health induced by chronic stress exposure reflects

Which of the following is true of withdrawal symptoms?

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Antigens are substances that are generated by the immune system and that attack invading bacteria.

Which of the following is a common explanation for tolerance in heroin addiction?

Craving involves the desire to use a drug.

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Filters

Exam 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Which substance below enhances dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?

Explain why nicotine is now considered to be an addictive drug.

Opiate drugs produce sedation via activation of receptors in the preoptic area.

Because cigarette smoking does not produce intoxication,tobacco is not considered an addictive drug.

Natural and drug reinforcement results from _____ release within the _____.

The primary means by which the immune system defends against invading organisms is to

Use of ________ by pregnant women is one of the leading causes of mental retardation.

Which drug below is useful for the treatment of alcoholism?

Which of the following is true of the fight-or-flight response?

Which of the following statements about opiates is NOT true?

In the chapter prologue on addiction,what factor induced John to restart his heroin addiction?

A serious consequence of alcohol addiction is

Glucocorticoid receptors

Hans Selye argued that ill health induced by chronic stress exposure reflects

Which of the following is true of withdrawal symptoms?

Which of the following is true of the neural substrates of reinforcement?

Antigens are substances that are generated by the immune system and that attack invading bacteria.

Which of the following is a common explanation for tolerance in heroin addiction?

Craving involves the desire to use a drug.

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Filters

Natural and drug reinforcement results from _ release within the _.