Exam 23: Cancer

A patient with B cell leukemia donates some cancer cells for analysis.The cells do not contain the usual chromosomal translocations associated with leukemia.Instead,a sporadic mutation seems to have arisen in a certain gene,followed by loss of heterozygosity in the second copy.This gene product is most likely:

Src is a:

A bone tumor sample appears to be heterozygous for a p53 mutation.The most likely explanation for this finding is:

Direct-acting carcinogens are those that:

Germ-line mutations in which of the following has(have)been implicated in hereditary cancers?

Leukemias are different from most other classes of cancers.Which of the fundamental properties of cancer cells are likely to be lacking in leukemias and why?

In females,all the cells in a tumor have the same inactive X chromosome.The reason for this is that:

Which of the following is NOT evidence that smoking causes lung cancer?

Which of the following proteins involved in angiogenesis is paired correctly with its function?

A loss-of-function mutation in _____ would have the same effect as a gain-of-function mutation in Ras.

What are the differences and similarities between the transforming genes of retroviruses and those of DNA tumor viruses?

2-hydroxyglutarate is produced in cancer cells:

Which of the following interventions would NOT be likely to prevent tumor cells from metastasizing?

Hereditary cancers typically possess loss-of-heterozygosity in:

Which of the following promotes angiogenesis?

Describe gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations with respect to cancer.

Which of the following is a proto-oncogene?

Nearly all malignant tumors possess a loss-of-function mutation in one or more cell cycle checkpoints.However,a loss of checkpoints is not a requisite characteristic of cancer cells per se.Explain this paradox.

The first line of defense against point mutations is:

Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene is most frequently associated with which type of cancer?