Question 1

Two signaling proteins,agrin and neuregulin,have been identified in studies of neuromuscular junction development.In the absence of neuregulin:

Accepted Answer

A) Schwann cells die. 
B) postsynaptic structures do not form in muscle cells. 
C) the acetylcholine receptor protein is not synthesized. 
D) all of the above 
A) Schwann cells die. 
B) postsynaptic structures do not form in muscle cells. 
C) the acetylcholine receptor protein is not synthesized. 
D) all of the above

Question 2

Describe the common features of the GABA,norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin transporter proteins.

Accepted Answer

Transporter proteins are present in pres

Question 3

Which cells produce myelin sheaths?

Accepted Answer

A) Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes 
B) astrocytes 
C) afferent neurons 
D) interneurons 
A) Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes 
B) astrocytes 
C) afferent neurons 
D) interneurons

Question 4

Action potentials:

Accepted Answer

A) vary in intensity 
B) vary in frequency and timing 
C) result in a decrease in resting potential 
D) all of the above 
A) vary in intensity 
B) vary in frequency and timing 
C) result in a decrease in resting potential 
D) all of the above

Question 5

Botulinum toxin acts on:

Accepted Answer

A) SNARES to promote vesicle fusion. 
B) AMPA receptors to inhibit LTP. 
C) calcium receptors to increase acetylcholine release. 
D) VAMP to prevent fusion with SNARE complexes. 
A) SNARES to promote vesicle fusion. 
B) AMPA receptors to inhibit LTP. 
C) calcium receptors to increase acetylcholine release. 
D) VAMP to prevent fusion with SNARE complexes.

Question 6

How are neurotransmitters packaged at synaptic endings for quantal release?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are packaged into syna

Question 7

Acetylcholine receptor loss is observed in people with:

Accepted Answer

A) schizophrenia. 
B) drug addiction. 
C) myasthenia gravis. 
D) all of the above 
A) schizophrenia. 
B) drug addiction. 
C) myasthenia gravis. 
D) all of the above

Question 8

Silencing of the gene encoding FMRP:

Accepted Answer

A) decreases translation of mRNAs near the dendrites. 
B) is associated with Huntington's disease. 
C) results in less spatiotemporal regulation of neuron-specific protein expression. 
D) causes mice to solve mazes more quickly. 
A) decreases translation of mRNAs near the dendrites. 
B) is associated with Huntington's disease. 
C) results in less spatiotemporal regulation of neuron-specific protein expression. 
D) causes mice to solve mazes more quickly.

Question 9

During a knee jerk reflex,which of the following steps occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A) stretch receptor is activated 
B) interneuron sends an inhibitory signal to the hamstring muscle 
C) motor neuron stimulates the quadriceps muscle 
D) action potential travels along a sensory neuron 
A) stretch receptor is activated 
B) interneuron sends an inhibitory signal to the hamstring muscle 
C) motor neuron stimulates the quadriceps muscle 
D) action potential travels along a sensory neuron

Question 10

Long-lasting memories:

Accepted Answer

A) are formed in the subventricular zone. 
B) trigger a loss of CAMKII alpha activity. 
C) do not require protein expression to be potentiated. 
D) trigger increases in AMPA receptors postsynaptically. 
A) are formed in the subventricular zone. 
B) trigger a loss of CAMKII alpha activity. 
C) do not require protein expression to be potentiated. 
D) trigger increases in AMPA receptors postsynaptically.

Question 11

Where are voltage-gated Na⁺ channels concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) spaced uniformly along the axon membrane 
B) clustered at the nodes of Ranvier 
C) clustered at the axon terminus 
D) embedded within the myelin sheath 
A) spaced uniformly along the axon membrane 
B) clustered at the nodes of Ranvier 
C) clustered at the axon terminus 
D) embedded within the myelin sheath

Question 12

Why are nongated channels important in the generation of an inside-negative electric potential (voltage)of 50-70 mV across the plasma membrane of cells?

Accepted Answer

If there is no ion movement across the m

Question 13

Which of the following represents a correct structure-function relationship for neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) cell body - sends signal to another cell 
B) axon - contains the nucleus of the cell 
C) dendrite - forms synapses with other neurons 
D) axon termini - receive incoming signals 
A) cell body - sends signal to another cell 
B) axon - contains the nucleus of the cell 
C) dendrite - forms synapses with other neurons 
D) axon termini - receive incoming signals

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate blood vessels in the brain to maintain tight junctions 
B) provide growth factors to neurons 
C) produce extracellular matrix 
D) excite muscle cells 
A) stimulate blood vessels in the brain to maintain tight junctions 
B) provide growth factors to neurons 
C) produce extracellular matrix 
D) excite muscle cells

Question 15

Electrical synapses depend on:

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitters and receptor proteins. 
B) calcium channels. 
C) gap junction channels. 
D) all of the above 
A) neurotransmitters and receptor proteins. 
B) calcium channels. 
C) gap junction channels. 
D) all of the above

Question 16

Why do chili peppers seem hot?

Accepted Answer

Chili peppers contain capsaici

Question 17

Myelinated axons have the conduction velocity of much larger axons (unmyelinated of course)because of all the following reasons,except:

Accepted Answer

A) voltage channels are only present at the nodes of Ranvier. 
B) saltatory conduction. 
C) more ion channels are present in myelinated axons. 
D) insulation. 
A) voltage channels are only present at the nodes of Ranvier. 
B) saltatory conduction. 
C) more ion channels are present in myelinated axons. 
D) insulation.

Question 18

Taste receptors are either channel proteins or:

Accepted Answer

A) sodium ion pumps. 
B) potassium ion pumps 
C) calcium ion pumps 
D) G protein-coupled receptors. 
A) sodium ion pumps. 
B) potassium ion pumps 
C) calcium ion pumps 
D) G protein-coupled receptors.

Question 19

Action potentials are:

Accepted Answer

A) pulses of ion flow along axons. 
B) brief local voltage changes within a neuron from inside-negative to inside-positive. 
C) transmembrane potentials that result from the action of the Na⁺/K⁺ ion pump. 
D) electrical signals used by glial cells to transmit information. 
A) pulses of ion flow along axons. 
B) brief local voltage changes within a neuron from inside-negative to inside-positive. 
C) transmembrane potentials that result from the action of the Na⁺/K⁺ ion pump. 
D) electrical signals used by glial cells to transmit information.

Question 20

Botulinum toxin inhibits nerve transmission by targeting:

Accepted Answer

A) the acetylcholine receptor. 
B) VAMP. 
C) dynamin. 
D) synaptotagmin. 
A) the acetylcholine receptor. 
B) VAMP. 
C) dynamin. 
D) synaptotagmin.

Exam 21: Nerve Cells

Two signaling proteins,agrin and neuregulin,have been identified in studies of neuromuscular junction development.In the absence of neuregulin:

Describe the common features of the GABA,norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin transporter proteins.

Which cells produce myelin sheaths?

Action potentials:

Botulinum toxin acts on:

How are neurotransmitters packaged at synaptic endings for quantal release?

Acetylcholine receptor loss is observed in people with:

Silencing of the gene encoding FMRP:

During a knee jerk reflex,which of the following steps occurs first?

Long-lasting memories:

Where are voltage-gated Na⁺ channels concentrated?

Why are nongated channels important in the generation of an inside-negative electric potential (voltage)of 50-70 mV across the plasma membrane of cells?

Which of the following represents a correct structure-function relationship for neurons?

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Electrical synapses depend on:

Why do chili peppers seem hot?

Myelinated axons have the conduction velocity of much larger axons (unmyelinated of course)because of all the following reasons,except:

Taste receptors are either channel proteins or:

Action potentials are:

Botulinum toxin inhibits nerve transmission by targeting:

Chemical Foundations

Molecular Genetic Techniques

Protein Structure and Function

Culturing and Visualizing Cells

Fundamental Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Bio-membrane Structure

Genes Genomics and Chromosomes

Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Post-Transcriptional Gene Control

Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Small Molecules

Cellular Energetics

Moving Proteins Into Membranes and Organelles

Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis

Signal Transduction and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Cell Organization and Movement I: Microfilaments

Cell Organization and Movement II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Integrating Cells Into Tissues

Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death

Immunology

Cancer

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