Question 1

Briefly describe how Yamanaka and colleagues induced differentiated cells to form stem cells.

Accepted Answer

Research had shown that certain transcri

Question 2

Which is the correct combination of proteins in polarized cells involved in planar-cell polarity?

Accepted Answer

A) Flamingo-Strabismus on one side and Dishevelled-Frizzled on the other 
B) Frizzled-Strabismus on one side and Flamingo-Dishevelled on the other 
C) Strabismus-Dishevelled on one side and Flamingo-Frizzled on the other 
D) none of the above 
A) Flamingo-Strabismus on one side and Dishevelled-Frizzled on the other 
B) Frizzled-Strabismus on one side and Flamingo-Dishevelled on the other 
C) Strabismus-Dishevelled on one side and Flamingo-Frizzled on the other 
D) none of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature that defines a cell dying in response to tissue damage (necrosis)?

Accepted Answer

A) The nucleus condenses and then fragments. 
B) Small membrane bodies are released and then engulfed by other cells. 
C) The cell shrinks. 
D) none of the above 
A) The nucleus condenses and then fragments. 
B) Small membrane bodies are released and then engulfed by other cells. 
C) The cell shrinks. 
D) none of the above

Question 4

In the mouse embryo,pluripotent stem cells are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A) inner cell mass. 
B) trophectoderm. 
C) zona pellucida. 
D) blastocoel. 
A) inner cell mass. 
B) trophectoderm. 
C) zona pellucida. 
D) blastocoel.

Question 5

Dolly,the famous sheep,was cloned using:

Accepted Answer

A) induced pluripotent stem cells. 
B) homologous recombination. 
C) somatic cell nuclear transfer. 
D) Cre recombinase. 
A) induced pluripotent stem cells. 
B) homologous recombination. 
C) somatic cell nuclear transfer. 
D) Cre recombinase.

Question 6

Which of the following provides evidence for the role of Paneth cells in supporting the intestinal stem cell niche?

Accepted Answer

A) Mutant mice with reduced numbers of Paneth cells have fewer intestinal stem cells. 
B) Co-culture of Paneth cells with intestinal stem cells leads to formation of villus-like structures. 
C) Paneth cells produce Wnt. 
D) all of the above 
A) Mutant mice with reduced numbers of Paneth cells have fewer intestinal stem cells. 
B) Co-culture of Paneth cells with intestinal stem cells leads to formation of villus-like structures. 
C) Paneth cells produce Wnt. 
D) all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following genes are expressed exclusively in pluripotent embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Nanog 
B) Sox2 
C) Oct4 
D) Nanog and Oct4 
A) Nanog 
B) Sox2 
C) Oct4 
D) Nanog and Oct4

Question 8

Define stem cells.Which of the following cells are stem cells: (a)fertilized egg, (b)intestinal crypt cell, (c)granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC)?

Accepted Answer

Stem cells are cells that can both give

Question 9

Apoptosis can be induced by a mitochondrial protein being released into the cytosol.This protein binds directly to what in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A) caspase 3 
B) Bax 
C) Bcl-2 
D) Apaf-1 
A) caspase 3 
B) Bax 
C) Bcl-2 
D) Apaf-1

Question 10

Epithelial cell tight junctions recruit:

Accepted Answer

A) Crumbs complexes. 
B) Scribble complexes. 
C) apical PAR complexes. 
D) all of the above 
A) Crumbs complexes. 
B) Scribble complexes. 
C) apical PAR complexes. 
D) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is(are)in the cell lineage that gives rise to T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) GM-CFC 
B) myeloid stem cell 
C) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell 
D) myeloid stem cell and pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell 
A) GM-CFC 
B) myeloid stem cell 
C) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell 
D) myeloid stem cell and pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 12

Which of the following forms a dimer that gets displaced from the surface of the mitochondria by EGL-1?

Accepted Answer

A) CED-3 
B) CED-4 
C) CED-9 
D) CED-8 
A) CED-3 
B) CED-4 
C) CED-9 
D) CED-8

Question 13

In C.elegans,which of the following is located in the lineage that gives rise to germ cells?

Accepted Answer

A) P1 
B) P2 
C) P3 
D) all of the above 
A) P1 
B) P2 
C) P3 
D) all of the above

Question 14

In cells that have been signaled to die via TNF-a receptor signaling but lack caspase-8 activity:

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis occurs via the other caspases. 
B) necroptosis occurs downstream of RIP protein activation of MLKL. 
C) the cell remains alive and viable. 
D) none of the above 
A) apoptosis occurs via the other caspases. 
B) necroptosis occurs downstream of RIP protein activation of MLKL. 
C) the cell remains alive and viable. 
D) none of the above

Question 15

Which of the following apoptotic proteins is homologous to human Bcl-2?

Accepted Answer

A) CED-3 
B) CED-4 
C) CED-9 
D) none of the above 
A) CED-3 
B) CED-4 
C) CED-9 
D) none of the above

Question 16

Which of the following triggers apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Fas ligand 
B) NGF 
C) TNFα 
D) Fas ligand and TNFα 
A) Fas ligand 
B) NGF 
C) TNFα 
D) Fas ligand and TNFα

Question 17

In the Drosophila ovary,which of the following proteins is secreted from the cap cell and is responsible for creating and maintaining the niche for germ-line stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Hedgehog 
B) FGF 
C) Arm 
D) Ptc 
A) Hedgehog 
B) FGF 
C) Arm 
D) Ptc

Question 18

Even before the first cell division,the one-cell C.elegans zygote has an asymmetric distribution of:

Accepted Answer

A) Par3 and aPKC in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
B) Par6 in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
C) Par2 in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
D) all of the above 
A) Par3 and aPKC in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
B) Par6 in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
C) Par2 in the cortex of the posterior half of the cell. 
D) all of the above

Question 19

Daughter cells that form as a result of asymmetric cell division may differ in:

Accepted Answer

A) size. 
B) shape. 
C) protein composition. 
D) all of the above 
A) size. 
B) shape. 
C) protein composition. 
D) all of the above

Exam 30: Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death

Briefly describe how Yamanaka and colleagues induced differentiated cells to form stem cells.

Which is the correct combination of proteins in polarized cells involved in planar-cell polarity?

Which of the following is a feature that defines a cell dying in response to tissue damage (necrosis)?

In the mouse embryo,pluripotent stem cells are found in the:

Dolly,the famous sheep,was cloned using:

Which of the following provides evidence for the role of Paneth cells in supporting the intestinal stem cell niche?

Which of the following genes are expressed exclusively in pluripotent embryonic stem cells?

Define stem cells.Which of the following cells are stem cells: (a)fertilized egg, (b)intestinal crypt cell, (c)granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC)?

Apoptosis can be induced by a mitochondrial protein being released into the cytosol.This protein binds directly to what in the cytosol?

Epithelial cell tight junctions recruit:

Which of the following is(are)in the cell lineage that gives rise to T cells?

Which of the following forms a dimer that gets displaced from the surface of the mitochondria by EGL-1?

In C.elegans,which of the following is located in the lineage that gives rise to germ cells?

In cells that have been signaled to die via TNF-a receptor signaling but lack caspase-8 activity:

Which of the following apoptotic proteins is homologous to human Bcl-2?

Which of the following triggers apoptosis?

In the Drosophila ovary,which of the following proteins is secreted from the cap cell and is responsible for creating and maintaining the niche for germ-line stem cells?

Even before the first cell division,the one-cell C.elegans zygote has an asymmetric distribution of:

Daughter cells that form as a result of asymmetric cell division may differ in:

Chemical Foundations

Molecular Genetic Techniques

Protein Structure and Function

Culturing and Visualizing Cells

Fundamental Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Bio-membrane Structure

Genes Genomics and Chromosomes

Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Post-Transcriptional Gene Control

Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Small Molecules

Cellular Energetics

Moving Proteins Into Membranes and Organelles

Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis

Signal Transduction and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Cell Organization and Movement I: Microfilaments

Cell Organization and Movement II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Integrating Cells Into Tissues

Nerve Cells

Immunology

Cancer

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