Question 1

Compared with glucose,oxidation of which of the following is more important in humans as a source of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) sucrose 
C) proteins 
D) fats 
A) cellulose 
B) sucrose 
C) proteins 
D) fats

Question 2

What is the role of quinone in generating the charge separation needed to remove electrons from H₂O for use in electron transport?

Accepted Answer

Quinone Q is a strong reducing agent and

Question 3

Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide.In fact,it comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) air. 
C) electrons from NADPH. 
D) glucose. 
A) water. 
B) air. 
C) electrons from NADPH. 
D) glucose.

Question 4

The fixation of CO₂ into carbohydrates is catalyzed by:

Accepted Answer

A) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. 
B) thioredoxin. 
C) rubisco activase. 
D) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
A) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. 
B) thioredoxin. 
C) rubisco activase. 
D) 3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 5

Phosphofructokinase is _____ active in the glycolytic pathway when the levels of ATP are high in the cell because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) less;ATP is an allosteric inhibitor 
B) less;ATP is a competitive inhibitor 
C) more;ATP stimulates phosphofructokinase through allosteric interactions 
D) more;lower ADP levels activate phosphofructokinase 
A) less;ATP is an allosteric inhibitor 
B) less;ATP is a competitive inhibitor 
C) more;ATP stimulates phosphofructokinase through allosteric interactions 
D) more;lower ADP levels activate phosphofructokinase

Question 6

The "tail" of chlorophyll is hydrophobic,which is important for:

Accepted Answer

A) absorbing blue light. 
B) anchoring it in the thylakoid membrane. 
C) transferring electrons. 
D) giving plants their green color. 
A) absorbing blue light. 
B) anchoring it in the thylakoid membrane. 
C) transferring electrons. 
D) giving plants their green color.

Question 7

_____ is the carbon-containing compound produced by glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A) Pyruvate 
B) Glucose 
C) CO₂ 
D) Acetyl CoA 
A) Pyruvate 
B) Glucose 
C) CO₂ 
D) Acetyl CoA

Question 8

NADH-CoQ reductase and CoQH₂-cytochrome c reductase each use the energy derived from electron transfer to transport _____ the mitochondrial matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) four protons into 
B) two protons into 
C) four protons out of 
D) two protons out of 
A) four protons into 
B) two protons into 
C) four protons out of 
D) two protons out of

Question 9

What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) provides energy 
B) accepts electrons 
C) accepts protons 
D) source of electrons 
A) provides energy 
B) accepts electrons 
C) accepts protons 
D) source of electrons

Question 10

Glucose is not the only energy-containing molecule that can enter cellular respiration pathways.Which food source is most likely to enter the citric acid cycle as fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) fats 
B) carbohydrates 
C) amino acids 
D) DNA 
A) fats 
B) carbohydrates 
C) amino acids 
D) DNA

Question 11

Why doesn't the Calvin cycle end after a three-carbon sugar is produced?

Accepted Answer

A) because electrons are still excited in the photosystems 
B) because O₂ must be produced to act as a final electron acceptor 
C) because RuBP must be generated for the cycle to continue 
D) because there are not enough carbon building blocks in the cell 
A) because electrons are still excited in the photosystems 
B) because O₂ must be produced to act as a final electron acceptor 
C) because RuBP must be generated for the cycle to continue 
D) because there are not enough carbon building blocks in the cell

Question 12

Which components of PSII are responsible for producing the proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

Several components of PSII contribute to

Question 13

In mitochondria,the proton-motive force is due largely to:

Accepted Answer

A) a voltage gradient across the outer membrane. 
B) a voltage gradient across the inner membrane. 
C) a pH gradient across the outer membrane. 
D) a pH gradient across the inner membrane. 
A) a voltage gradient across the outer membrane. 
B) a voltage gradient across the inner membrane. 
C) a pH gradient across the outer membrane. 
D) a pH gradient across the inner membrane.

Question 14

Plants use _____ to transport sucrose to all regions of the organism.

Accepted Answer

A) the xylem 
B) the phloem 
C) mesophyll cells 
D) root cells 
A) the xylem 
B) the phloem 
C) mesophyll cells 
D) root cells

Question 15

Electron transport from NADH and FADH₂ to O₂ occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrial matrix. 
B) cytosol. 
C) mitochondrial inner membrane. 
D) mitochondrial outer membrane. 
A) mitochondrial matrix. 
B) cytosol. 
C) mitochondrial inner membrane. 
D) mitochondrial outer membrane.

Question 16

During ATP synthesis,protons move "down" their electrochemical gradient through:

Accepted Answer

A) the F₀ complex of ATP synthase. 
B) the F₁ complex of ATP synthase. 
C) a proton channel protein. 
D) CoQH₂-cytochrome c reductase. 
A) the F₀ complex of ATP synthase. 
B) the F₁ complex of ATP synthase. 
C) a proton channel protein. 
D) CoQH₂-cytochrome c reductase.

Question 17

In the overall reaction for cellular respiration,glucose is:

Accepted Answer

A) oxidized to CO₂. 
B) reduced to CO₂. 
C) oxidized to O₂. 
D) reduced to O₂. 
A) oxidized to CO₂. 
B) reduced to CO₂. 
C) oxidized to O₂. 
D) reduced to O₂.

Question 18

In the glycolytic pathway,which of the following are allosterically controlled enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) triose phosphate isomerase 
B) phosphofructokinase-1 
C) enolase 
D) none of the above 
A) triose phosphate isomerase 
B) phosphofructokinase-1 
C) enolase 
D) none of the above

Question 19

Explain how the rates of photosynthesis in plants like corn and sugarcane can be two to three times faster than the rates of photosynthesis in plants like wheat or rice.

Accepted Answer

Sugarcane and corn are C₄ plants,whereas

Question 20

Which of the following statement(s)regarding the origin of the mitochondria is(are)TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) A bacterium invaded and established a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host cell. 
B) The outer mitochondrial membrane is derived from the bacterial plasma membrane. 
C) The globular F₁ domain points toward the mitochondria's intermembrane space. 
D) all of the above 
A) A bacterium invaded and established a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host cell. 
B) The outer mitochondrial membrane is derived from the bacterial plasma membrane. 
C) The globular F₁ domain points toward the mitochondria's intermembrane space. 
D) all of the above

Exam 11: Cellular Energetics

Compared with glucose,oxidation of which of the following is more important in humans as a source of ATP?

What is the role of quinone in generating the charge separation needed to remove electrons from H₂O for use in electron transport?

Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide.In fact,it comes from:

The fixation of CO₂ into carbohydrates is catalyzed by:

Phosphofructokinase is _____ active in the glycolytic pathway when the levels of ATP are high in the cell because _____.

The "tail" of chlorophyll is hydrophobic,which is important for:

_____ is the carbon-containing compound produced by glycolysis.

NADH-CoQ reductase and CoQH₂-cytochrome c reductase each use the energy derived from electron transfer to transport _____ the mitochondrial matrix.

What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Glucose is not the only energy-containing molecule that can enter cellular respiration pathways.Which food source is most likely to enter the citric acid cycle as fatty acids?

Why doesn't the Calvin cycle end after a three-carbon sugar is produced?

Which components of PSII are responsible for producing the proton-motive force?

In mitochondria,the proton-motive force is due largely to:

Plants use _____ to transport sucrose to all regions of the organism.

Electron transport from NADH and FADH₂ to O₂ occurs in the:

During ATP synthesis,protons move "down" their electrochemical gradient through:

In the overall reaction for cellular respiration,glucose is:

In the glycolytic pathway,which of the following are allosterically controlled enzymes?

Explain how the rates of photosynthesis in plants like corn and sugarcane can be two to three times faster than the rates of photosynthesis in plants like wheat or rice.

Which of the following statement(s)regarding the origin of the mitochondria is(are)TRUE?

Chemical Foundations

Molecular Genetic Techniques

Protein Structure and Function

Culturing and Visualizing Cells

Fundamental Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Bio-membrane Structure

Genes Genomics and Chromosomes

Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Post-Transcriptional Gene Control

Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Small Molecules

Moving Proteins Into Membranes and Organelles

Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis

Signal Transduction and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Cell Organization and Movement I: Microfilaments

Cell Organization and Movement II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Integrating Cells Into Tissues

Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death

Nerve Cells

Immunology

Cancer

Filters

Phosphofructokinase is _ active in the glycolytic pathway when the levels of ATP are high in the cell because _.