Question 1

Even "objective" science is intertwined with ethical and moral claims.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The horrors of Nazi Germany led the Canadian federal government and provincial governments to immediately halt their eugenics programs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Describe how the institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct have changed over time, and explain the events and/or assumptions that underlie each of the logics.

Accepted Answer

The institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct have evolved significantly over time. In the past, there was a prevailing assumption that scientists were inherently trustworthy and that cases of misconduct were rare and isolated. This led to a logic of self-regulation within the scientific community, where researchers and institutions were expected to uphold high ethical standards and address any misconduct internally.

However, several high-profile cases of scientific fraud and misconduct in the latter half of the 20th century challenged this assumption. Events such as the case of South Korean stem cell researcher Hwang Woo-suk, who fabricated data in his research, and the revelation of widespread fraud in the social psychology community, prompted a shift in institutional logic. These events exposed the limitations of self-regulation and led to a growing recognition of the need for external oversight and regulation of scientific research.

As a result, the institutional logic governing the regulation of scientific misconduct has shifted towards greater external scrutiny and accountability. This has led to the establishment of regulatory bodies and policies aimed at preventing, detecting, and addressing misconduct in scientific research. For example, many funding agencies now require researchers to undergo ethics training and have implemented procedures for investigating and reporting misconduct.

Overall, the changing institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct reflect a growing awareness of the potential for misconduct in research and the need for external oversight to ensure the integrity of scientific knowledge. These shifts have been driven by high-profile cases of misconduct and a recognition of the limitations of self-regulation within the scientific community. As a result, the current institutional logic emphasizes transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct in scientific research.

Question 4

Explain how the notion of power is related to concerns about the potential dangers of the science of genetics.

Accepted Answer

The notion of power is related to concer

Question 5

All scientific disciplines are governed by ethics which control

Accepted Answer

A)  how research is done. 
B)  the protection of research participants. 
C)  issues of harassment and exploitation. 
D)  maintaining positive relationships with academic peers and students. 
E)  multiple aspects of science, including all of the facets listed above. 
A)  how research is done. 
B)  the protection of research participants. 
C)  issues of harassment and exploitation. 
D)  maintaining positive relationships with academic peers and students. 
E)  multiple aspects of science, including all of the facets listed above.

Question 6

Taking several pieces of fossil evidence and putting them together as evidence of a new species is

Accepted Answer

A)  cooking. 
B)  trimming. 
C)  forging. 
D)  a hoax. 
E)  an honest mistake. 
A)  cooking. 
B)  trimming. 
C)  forging. 
D)  a hoax. 
E)  an honest mistake.

Question 7

In an analysis of 70 clinical studies done on a particular class of cardiac drugs, approximately 	% of industry-sponsored research reported positive findings, while 	% of publicly-funded research reported positive findings.

Accepted Answer

A)  98; 2 
B)  31; 31 
C)  58; 42 
D)  96; 37 
E)  37; 96 
A)  98; 2 
B)  31; 31 
C)  58; 42 
D)  96; 37 
E)  37; 96

Question 8

Social Darwinism rationalized European colonization of countries throughout much of the world on the basis of the

Accepted Answer

A)  assumption that the more "evolved" European societies could help more "primitive" societies reach the next stage of social evolution more rapidly. 
B)  assumption that the role of inferior races in the world was to serve superior races. 
C)  assumption that European cultures could learn a great deal from other cultures. 
D)  assumption that the next stage of social evolution required the cooperation of and integration among the world's peoples. 
E)  assumption that the "powerful" have the inherent right to control the "powerless". 
A)  assumption that the more "evolved" European societies could help more "primitive" societies reach the next stage of social evolution more rapidly. 
B)  assumption that the role of inferior races in the world was to serve superior races. 
C)  assumption that European cultures could learn a great deal from other cultures. 
D)  assumption that the next stage of social evolution required the cooperation of and integration among the world's peoples. 
E)  assumption that the "powerful" have the inherent right to control the "powerless".

Question 9

In contemporary Canadian society, is the primary creator of society's dominant moral code, by which "deviance" and "normality" are judged.

Accepted Answer

A)  religion 
B)  individual belief 
C)  science 
D)  public opinion 
E)  government 
A)  religion 
B)  individual belief 
C)  science 
D)  public opinion 
E)  government

Question 10

According to Shermer's (2001) deviant science/real science continuum, which of the following is considered to fall at the extreme end of real science?

Accepted Answer

A)  astrology 
B)  biochemistry 
C)  astronomy 
D)  evolution 
E)  human cloning 
A)  astrology 
B)  biochemistry 
C)  astronomy 
D)  evolution 
E)  human cloning

Question 11

According to Foucault (1980), a relationship exists between knowledge claims, power, and

Accepted Answer

A)  the resulting influence that those knowledge claims have on society. 
B)  the resistance of people to the exertion of that power. 
C)  deviance in science. 
D)  deviant science. 
E)  fraudulent science. 
A)  the resulting influence that those knowledge claims have on society. 
B)  the resistance of people to the exertion of that power. 
C)  deviance in science. 
D)  deviant science. 
E)  fraudulent science.

Question 12

Believers in astrology tend to be non-mainstream individuals with lower-than-average levels of education.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The ability to treat genetic problems lags significantly behind the ability to diagnose genetic problems, and this gap is likely to grow even larger in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Although some individual governments (e.g., Britain) have created legislation and policy to formally control the science of genetics, international coalitions of governments have failed to deal with this issue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Once Leilani Muir won her lawsuit for wrongful sterilization against the Alberta government, the government developed a larger plan for giving restitution to other victims of wrongful sterilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The scientific misconduct of Dr. Hwang Woo-Suk reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  bad apple theory. 
B)  iceberg theory. 
C)  post-academic science. 
D)  junk science. 
E)  the scientific norm that Merton called communism. 
A)  bad apple theory. 
B)  iceberg theory. 
C)  post-academic science. 
D)  junk science. 
E)  the scientific norm that Merton called communism.

Question 17

What are the potential consequences of the Human Genome Project, according to scientists working within it?

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent and cure illness 
B)  increase longevity 
C)  increase intelligence 
D)  solve social problems, such as homelessness 
E)  prevent/cure illness, increase longevity, increase intelligence, and solve social problems 
A)  prevent and cure illness 
B)  increase longevity 
C)  increase intelligence 
D)  solve social problems, such as homelessness 
E)  prevent/cure illness, increase longevity, increase intelligence, and solve social problems

Question 18

What was the central goal of the eugenics movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  to distance scientific pursuits from religious ideologies 
B)  to increase reproduction among society's "superior" persons and decrease reproduction among society's "inferior" persons 
C)  to provide social assistance to society's indigent 
D)  to reduce birth rates in society as a whole 
E)  to increase birth rates in society as a whole 
A)  to distance scientific pursuits from religious ideologies 
B)  to increase reproduction among society's "superior" persons and decrease reproduction among society's "inferior" persons 
C)  to provide social assistance to society's indigent 
D)  to reduce birth rates in society as a whole 
E)  to increase birth rates in society as a whole

Question 19

Scientists involved in genetics have refused to participate in the processes to create policies and guidelines for ethics in genetic science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In 2003, a neurologist was reprimanded for making up data about the effectiveness of a particular drug in the treatment of diabetes; the drug's manufacturer had promised the neurologist 0.5% of the profits from the drug if it became marketable. What form of deviance in science has this neurologist engaged in?

Accepted Answer

A)  cooking 
B)  trimming 
C)  forging 
D)  a hoax 
E)  an honest mistake 
A)  cooking 
B)  trimming 
C)  forging 
D)  a hoax 
E)  an honest mistake

Even "objective" science is intertwined with ethical and moral claims.

The horrors of Nazi Germany led the Canadian federal government and provincial governments to immediately halt their eugenics programs.

Describe how the institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct have changed over time, and explain the events and/or assumptions that underlie each of the logics.

Explain how the notion of power is related to concerns about the potential dangers of the science of genetics.

All scientific disciplines are governed by ethics which control

Taking several pieces of fossil evidence and putting them together as evidence of a new species is

In an analysis of 70 clinical studies done on a particular class of cardiac drugs, approximately % of industry-sponsored research reported positive findings, while % of publicly-funded research reported positive findings.

Social Darwinism rationalized European colonization of countries throughout much of the world on the basis of the

In contemporary Canadian society, is the primary creator of society's dominant moral code, by which "deviance" and "normality" are judged.

According to Shermer's (2001) deviant science/real science continuum, which of the following is considered to fall at the extreme end of real science?

According to Foucault (1980), a relationship exists between knowledge claims, power, and

Believers in astrology tend to be non-mainstream individuals with lower-than-average levels of education.

The ability to treat genetic problems lags significantly behind the ability to diagnose genetic problems, and this gap is likely to grow even larger in the future.

Although some individual governments (e.g., Britain) have created legislation and policy to formally control the science of genetics, international coalitions of governments have failed to deal with this issue.

Once Leilani Muir won her lawsuit for wrongful sterilization against the Alberta government, the government developed a larger plan for giving restitution to other victims of wrongful sterilization.

The scientific misconduct of Dr. Hwang Woo-Suk reflects

What are the potential consequences of the Human Genome Project, according to scientists working within it?

What was the central goal of the eugenics movement?

Scientists involved in genetics have refused to participate in the processes to create policies and guidelines for ethics in genetic science.

Determining Deviance

Explaining Deviance: The Act

Explaining Deviance: The Perception, Reaction, and Power

Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality

The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth

Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance

Mental Disorders

What Do You Believe? Religion and Deviance

The “Deviance Dance” Continues

Filters

Exam 9: Scientific Belief Systems

Even "objective" science is intertwined with ethical and moral claims.

The horrors of Nazi Germany led the Canadian federal government and provincial governments to immediately halt their eugenics programs.

Describe how the institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct have changed over time, and explain the events and/or assumptions that underlie each of the logics.

Explain how the notion of power is related to concerns about the potential dangers of the science of genetics.

All scientific disciplines are governed by ethics which control

Taking several pieces of fossil evidence and putting them together as evidence of a new species is

In an analysis of 70 clinical studies done on a particular class of cardiac drugs, approximately % of industry-sponsored research reported positive findings, while % of publicly-funded research reported positive findings.

Social Darwinism rationalized European colonization of countries throughout much of the world on the basis of the

In contemporary Canadian society, is the primary creator of society's dominant moral code, by which "deviance" and "normality" are judged.

According to Shermer's (2001) deviant science/real science continuum, which of the following is considered to fall at the extreme end of real science?

According to Foucault (1980), a relationship exists between knowledge claims, power, and

Believers in astrology tend to be non-mainstream individuals with lower-than-average levels of education.

The ability to treat genetic problems lags significantly behind the ability to diagnose genetic problems, and this gap is likely to grow even larger in the future.

Although some individual governments (e.g., Britain) have created legislation and policy to formally control the science of genetics, international coalitions of governments have failed to deal with this issue.

Once Leilani Muir won her lawsuit for wrongful sterilization against the Alberta government, the government developed a larger plan for giving restitution to other victims of wrongful sterilization.

The scientific misconduct of Dr. Hwang Woo-Suk reflects

What are the potential consequences of the Human Genome Project, according to scientists working within it?

What was the central goal of the eugenics movement?

Scientists involved in genetics have refused to participate in the processes to create policies and guidelines for ethics in genetic science.

Determining Deviance

Explaining Deviance: The Act

Explaining Deviance: The Perception, Reaction, and Power

Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality

The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth

Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance

Mental Disorders

What Do You Believe? Religion and Deviance

The “Deviance Dance” Continues

Filters