Question 1

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects 
B)  lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support 
C)  extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans 
D)  lack of planning; the involvement of politics 
A)  use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects 
B)  lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support 
C)  extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans 
D)  lack of planning; the involvement of politics

Question 2

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

Accepted Answer

A)  physical 
B)  mental and physical 
C)  social and mental 
D)  physical, mental, and social 
E)  physical and social 
A)  physical 
B)  mental and physical 
C)  social and mental 
D)  physical, mental, and social 
E)  physical and social

Question 3

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  The elimination of top consumers can favor disease-carrying organisms. 
B)  Mosquitoes with an aquatic larval form spread many highly contagious diseases. 
C)  The standing water is used for drinking and disease organisms in the water cause diarrhea. 
D)  All of these explain the connection between rainforest destruction and human morbidity and mortality. 
A)  The elimination of top consumers can favor disease-carrying organisms. 
B)  Mosquitoes with an aquatic larval form spread many highly contagious diseases. 
C)  The standing water is used for drinking and disease organisms in the water cause diarrhea. 
D)  All of these explain the connection between rainforest destruction and human morbidity and mortality.

Question 4

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  cheaper than other methods. 
B)  faster than other methods. 
C)  usually quite humane. 
D)  easier than using computer models. 
E)  a trusted and usually reliable way to get results. 
A)  cheaper than other methods. 
B)  faster than other methods. 
C)  usually quite humane. 
D)  easier than using computer models. 
E)  a trusted and usually reliable way to get results.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B)  If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C)  The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route by which it enters our bodies. 
D)  None of these statements are True. 
A)  If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B)  If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C)  The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route by which it enters our bodies. 
D)  None of these statements are True.

Question 6

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  react with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B)  are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C)  are usually of concern at all concentrations; are dangerous substances 
D)  All of these are True. 
A)  react with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B)  are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C)  are usually of concern at all concentrations; are dangerous substances 
D)  All of these are True.

Question 7

Examples of POPs, persistent organic pollutants, include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Phthalates 
B)  Perchlorate 
C)  PDBEs 
D)  PFOs 
E)  Phosphates 
A)  Phthalates 
B)  Perchlorate 
C)  PDBEs 
D)  PFOs 
E)  Phosphates

Question 8

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)  how many chemicals are present. 
B)  how many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage. 
C)  the sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present. 
D)  whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
E)  whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
A)  how many chemicals are present. 
B)  how many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage. 
C)  the sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present. 
D)  whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
E)  whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them.

Question 9

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malaria 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Mercury 
D)  DDT 
A)  Malaria 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Mercury 
D)  DDT

Question 11

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific data. 
B)  whimsical preference devoid of logic. 
C)  logical reasoning about relative risks. 
D)  personal biases and preferences as well as logic. 
E)  statistical probabilities. 
A)  scientific data. 
B)  whimsical preference devoid of logic. 
C)  logical reasoning about relative risks. 
D)  personal biases and preferences as well as logic. 
E)  statistical probabilities.

Question 12

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Accepted Answer

A)  is an acceptable level of risk for most individuals. 
B)  all individuals react to. 
C)  kills individuals 50 years old and over. 
D)  is 50 times less than the minimal dose. 
E)  kills half of the population. 
A)  is an acceptable level of risk for most individuals. 
B)  all individuals react to. 
C)  kills individuals 50 years old and over. 
D)  is 50 times less than the minimal dose. 
E)  kills half of the population.

Question 13

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecological Diseases 
B)  Disease 
C)  Infectious Diseases 
D)  Emergent Diseases 
E)  Native Diseases 
A)  Ecological Diseases 
B)  Disease 
C)  Infectious Diseases 
D)  Emergent Diseases 
E)  Native Diseases

Question 14

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  solubility. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  persistence. 
D)  toxicity. 
E)  dose. 
A)  solubility. 
B)  reactivity. 
C)  persistence. 
D)  toxicity. 
E)  dose.

Question 15

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning 
A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning

Question 16

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects. 
B)  Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects. 
C)  Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting. 
D)  Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time. 
A)  Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects. 
B)  Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects. 
C)  Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting. 
D)  Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time.

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _____ and _.

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Which of the following statements is True?

Hazardous substances while toxins are .

Examples of POPs, persistent organic pollutants, include all of the following except

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well being.

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Which of the following statements is True?

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

Examples of POPs, persistent organic pollutants, include all of the following except

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

Which of the following would not be among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _____ and _.

Hazardous substances while toxins are .