Question 1

Which of the following best describes the argument for God's existence known as the argument from design?

Accepted Answer

A)  an argument that claims that the universe bears many similarities to designed objects (such as watches) and, therefore, the universe is probably designed by God 
B)  an argument that claims that since there is evil in the world and God is both capable and willing to prevent evil, we should believe that God exists 
C)  an argument that we should not believe in God because God was designed by human beings 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  an argument that claims that the universe bears many similarities to designed objects (such as watches) and, therefore, the universe is probably designed by God 
B)  an argument that claims that since there is evil in the world and God is both capable and willing to prevent evil, we should believe that God exists 
C)  an argument that we should not believe in God because God was designed by human beings 
D)  None of these answers is correct. A

Question 2

A smaller sample is generally more reliable than a larger sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Why do polls,properly carried out,play a particularly important role in democratic nations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polls allow pollsters to influence public opinion. 
B)  Push polls can help voters make informed choices. 
C)  Polls are means of gauging whether the public consents to the laws and actions of the government. 
D)  Voters can use polls to determine who is in the lead in an election and to execute the will of the majority by voting for the candidate who is ahead. 
A)  Polls allow pollsters to influence public opinion. 
B)  Push polls can help voters make informed choices. 
C)  Polls are means of gauging whether the public consents to the laws and actions of the government. 
D)  Voters can use polls to determine who is in the lead in an election and to execute the will of the majority by voting for the candidate who is ahead. C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of metaphors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metaphors are typically factually true. 
B)  Metaphors are a type of analogy. 
C)  It is always clear when a claim is using a metaphor. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  Metaphors are typically factually true. 
B)  Metaphors are a type of analogy. 
C)  It is always clear when a claim is using a metaphor. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 5

It is always clear when someone is using a metaphor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How a question is worded can affect the outcome of a poll.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Polls are never reliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Analogies can be used to refute arguments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample 
B)  a sample chosen at random 
C)  a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part 
D)  a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires 
A)  a sample chosen by one person who is also a member of the sample 
B)  a sample chosen at random 
C)  a sample in which only people interested in the poll agree to take part 
D)  a sample consisting of nothing but millionaires

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a generalization?

Accepted Answer

A)  an argument that guarantees the truth of its conclusion. 
B)  an argument that claims that something is the cause of something else. 
C)  an argument that claims a group is likely to have some characteristic on the grounds that a subset of that group has that characteristic. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  an argument that guarantees the truth of its conclusion. 
B)  an argument that claims that something is the cause of something else. 
C)  an argument that claims a group is likely to have some characteristic on the grounds that a subset of that group has that characteristic. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of inductive argument?

Accepted Answer

A) modus ponens 
B) generalization 
C) analogy 
D) causal argument 
A) modus ponens 
B) generalization 
C) analogy 
D) causal argument

Question 12

Which of the following is a word or phrase that typically indicates an analogy?

Accepted Answer

A)  "therefore" 
B)  "because" 
C)  "similar to" 
D)  "dream journal" 
A)  "therefore" 
B)  "because" 
C)  "similar to" 
D)  "dream journal"

Question 13

Causal arguments are a type of inductive argument.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The information collected in the Freshman Survey is used to make which of the following type of argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive argument 
B)  deductive argument 
C)  ad hominem argument 
D)  dream journal argument 
A)  inductive argument 
B)  deductive argument 
C)  ad hominem argument 
D)  dream journal argument

Question 15

"And it necessarily follows" typically indicates that an argument is inductive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Most decisions based on the likely harmful and beneficial outcomes of an action are clear-cut.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The only purpose anyone has in conducting a poll is to collect information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following can lead to placing the blame for harmful actions on the wrong person?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of modus tollens arguments 
B)  the use of valid deductive, instead of inductive, arguments 
C)  failure to correctly perceive the cause of an action 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  use of modus tollens arguments 
B)  the use of valid deductive, instead of inductive, arguments 
C)  failure to correctly perceive the cause of an action 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 19

The extent of the similarities between two objects is the only factor that determines how successful an argument by analogy is.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Deductive arguments can be true or false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following best describes the argument for God's existence known as the argument from design?

A smaller sample is generally more reliable than a larger sample.

Why do polls,properly carried out,play a particularly important role in democratic nations?

Which of the following is true of metaphors?

It is always clear when someone is using a metaphor.

How a question is worded can affect the outcome of a poll.

Polls are never reliable.

Analogies can be used to refute arguments.

Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?

Which of the following best describes a generalization?

Which of the following is NOT a type of inductive argument?

Which of the following is a word or phrase that typically indicates an analogy?

Causal arguments are a type of inductive argument.

The information collected in the Freshman Survey is used to make which of the following type of argument?

"And it necessarily follows" typically indicates that an argument is inductive.

Most decisions based on the likely harmful and beneficial outcomes of an action are clear-cut.

The only purpose anyone has in conducting a poll is to collect information.

Which of the following can lead to placing the blame for harmful actions on the wrong person?

The extent of the similarities between two objects is the only factor that determines how successful an argument by analogy is.

Deductive arguments can be true or false.

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

Filters

Exam 7: Inductive Arguments

Which of the following best describes the argument for God's existence known as the argument from design?

A smaller sample is generally more reliable than a larger sample.

Why do polls,properly carried out,play a particularly important role in democratic nations?

Which of the following is true of metaphors?

It is always clear when someone is using a metaphor.

How a question is worded can affect the outcome of a poll.

Polls are never reliable.

Analogies can be used to refute arguments.

Which of the following is an example of a self-selected sample?

Which of the following best describes a generalization?

Which of the following is NOT a type of inductive argument?

Which of the following is a word or phrase that typically indicates an analogy?

Causal arguments are a type of inductive argument.

The information collected in the Freshman Survey is used to make which of the following type of argument?

"And it necessarily follows" typically indicates that an argument is inductive.

Most decisions based on the likely harmful and beneficial outcomes of an action are clear-cut.

The only purpose anyone has in conducting a poll is to collect information.

Which of the following can lead to placing the blame for harmful actions on the wrong person?

The extent of the similarities between two objects is the only factor that determines how successful an argument by analogy is.

Deductive arguments can be true or false.

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

Filters